基于生态恢复的阿克苏河流域生态输水调度优化研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.294

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态输水调度是生态保护和恢复最有效的措施之一,实施生态输水对恢复干旱半干旱地区天然生态系统、维护绿洲生态系统健康具有重要意义。结合阿克苏河流域生态输水现状,在识别自然植被重点区和估算生态需水的基础上,建立了基于生态恢复目标的流域生态输水调度优化框架。首先采用高分系列影像识别自然植被信息,建立阿克苏河流域2015—2020年自然植被数据集,逐像元统计自然植被出现频次确定了艾希曼湖湿地区、第一师边缘胡杨林区、五团边缘胡杨林区3个自然植被重点区,面积达1257.69 km²;借助面积定额法和水量平衡法估算3个自然植被重点区的生态输水量分别为1.53×10⁸ m³、2.73×10⁸ m³、1.14×10⁸ m³;确定了流域生态输水的最佳时间为5—9月,单次或2次进行生态输水,建议单次生态输水量大于0.2×10⁸ m³且输水天数大于10 d;渠系网络分析显示3个自然植被重点区设置的8个输水口可以作为今后生态输水路径的参考。研究结果对阿克苏河流域生态输水调度、生态用水精细管理等具有重要的指导价值。

关键词: 生态输水, 路径优化, 生态恢复, 阿克苏河流域

Abstract:

Ecological operation is one of the most effective measures for ecological restoration and protection. Natural vegetation or lake is an essential part of the terrestrial ecosystem, and ecological water demand is an important foundation for the health of oasis ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, it is essential to conduct ecological water conveyance projects to recover and maintain ecosystem health. In this study, combined with the current situation of ecological water conveyance in the Aksu River Basin, southern Xinjiang, China, the optimization framework of ecological water conveyance in the Aksu River Basin was established by identifying the key natural vegetation regions and estimating ecological water demand. First, the GF-1 image was used to identify the natural vegetation information, and the natural vegetation dataset of the Aksu River Basin from 2015 to 2020 was established. The occurrence frequency was counted pixel by pixel, and three key natural vegetation regions were obtained. They are Eichmann Lake Wetland, Populus euphratica forest region on the edge of the first division, and the Populus euphratica forest region on the edge of Wutuan. The total area reaches 1257.69 km ². The area quota method and water balance method were used to estimate the amount of ecological water demand. The results show that the ecological water demand of the three key natural vegetation regions is 1.53×10⁸ m³, 2.73×10⁸ m³, and 1.14×10⁸ m³, respectively. Based on the monthly distribution of ecological water stock in the basin and the seasonal changes in water demand for natural vegetation growth, the best time for ecological water conveyance is from May to September. The single or two water conveyance jobs can be conducted in a year, suggesting that the single ecological water conveyance volume should be more than 0.2×10⁸ m³. Additionally, the water conveyance days should be more than ten days. The analysis of the canal network suggests setting up a new ecological water conveyance path with eight ecological water gates of three key natural vegetation regions. This research can provide the basis for the rational allocation of water resources in the Aksu River Basin. It can also provide a valuable reference for restoring and reconstructing surrounding vegetation in the Aksu River Basin.

Key words: ecological water conveyance, operation optimization, ecological restoration, Aksu River Basin

聂艳,郭永瑞,谭盈,黄卫东,刘新华. 基于生态恢复的阿克苏河流域生态输水调度优化研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(2): 325-332.

NIE Yan,GUO Yongrui,TAN Ying,HUANG Weidong,LIU Xinhua. Operation optimization of ecological water conveyance in Aksu River Basin based on ecological restoration[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(2): 325-332.

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重点区域	面积						合计
重点区域	1次	2次	3次	4次	5次	6次	合计
艾希曼湖湿地	79.32	37.32	20.57	12.61	7.89	3.88	161.59
第一师边缘胡杨林区	253.92	163.01	129.87	107.42	81.31	36.73	772.26
五团边缘胡杨林区	77.35	73.93	62.81	49.02	34.61	26.12	323.84
合计	410.59	274.26	213.25	169.05	123.81	66.73	1257.69

月份	径流量	灌区计划用水	生态用水量
1	1.70	1.96	0.00
2	1.00	2.48	0.00
3	1.12	2.28	0.00
4	2.58	2.26	0.32
5	6.26	2.08	4.18
6	11.98	5.47	6.51
7	20.86	7.44	13.42
8	20.58	5.22	15.36
9	8.32	2.20	6.12
10	3.37	1.48	1.89
11	2.03	2.92	0.00
12	1.73	0.59	1.14

输水起点	输水口	路径长度/km	输水区域	输水量/10⁸ m³
西大桥引水枢纽	输水点1	25.81	艾希曼湖湿地	1.53
	输水点2	37.13
	输水点3	48.67
塔里木拦河闸	输水点4	87.99	第一师边缘胡杨林区	2.73
	输水点5	73.00
	输水点6	70.85
五团龙口	输水点7	36.88	五团边缘胡杨林区	1.14
五团龙口	输水点8	30.90	五团边缘胡杨林区	1.14