国家森林公园空间分布格局及其影响因素研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.206

干旱区地理 ›› 2022, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 389-400.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.206

国家森林公园空间分布格局及其影响因素研究

朱磊^1,^2,³(),李燕楠¹,胡静^2,³(),周葆华¹,贾垚焱⁴

1.安庆师范大学资源环境学院,安徽安庆 246133
2.华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,湖北武汉 430079
3.中国旅游研究院武汉分院,湖北武汉 430079
4.山西财经大学文化旅游学院,山西太原 030031

收稿日期:2021-05-07 修回日期:2021-08-05 出版日期:2022-03-25 发布日期:2022-04-02
通讯作者: 胡静
作者简介:朱磊（1986-）,男,博士,副教授,主要从事旅游资源与环境、旅游与区域发展研究. E-mail: aqdxzl@126.com
基金资助:
安徽省哲学社会科学规划项目(AHSKQ2021D24);安徽省社会科学创新发展研究项目(2021CX100);安徽高校自然科学研究重点项目(KJ2020A0518);安徽省智库项目资助(ZK2021A004)

Spatial differentiation pattern and influencing factors of China National Forest Park

ZHU Lei^1,^2,³(),LI Yannan¹,HU Jing^2,³(),ZHOU Baohua¹,JIA Yaoyan⁴

1. College of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, Anhui, China
2. College of Urban and Environmental Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
3. Wuhan Branch of China Tourism Academy,Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
4. Faculty of Culture Tourism, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China

Received:2021-05-07 Revised:2021-08-05 Online:2022-03-25 Published:2022-04-02
Contact: Jing HU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

国家森林公园是我国生态文明建设的重要载体之一。以1994、2004年和2019年国家森林公园为研究对象,综合运用空间分析技术系统探究其空间分布格局及成因,旨在为国家森林公园空间布局优化和健康可持续发展提供科学参考。结果表明：（1）国家森林公园主要分布在胡焕庸线以东,大致形成了以京津冀、长三角、川渝交界和湘赣交界地区为核心的高密度分布地区,呈现出“大集聚、小分散”的分布格局。（2）国家森林公园系统分形特征明显,分形结构较为复杂。（3）国家森林公园省际间分布差异明显,三大地带间呈现东西少、中部多的“凸字形”分异规律,八大分区间呈现“由长江中下游、西南地区向东北和黄河中游地区递减”。（4）国家森林公园热点区呈现出一定的不稳定性,其中黑龙江、江苏和浙江发展较为活跃,持续保持在热点区域,而新疆、西藏和四川等地基本上都处于冷点区域,森林公园发展较为缓慢。（5）地形、降水量、客源市场和旅游资源禀赋是影响国家森林公园空间分布格局的主要因素。

关键词: 国家森林公园, 空间格局, 影响因素, 空间分析技术, 中国

Abstract:

National Forest Parks are important tourist destinations in China and are the main positions for the development of ecological, mountain, health, and leisure tourism in China. This study takes National Forest Parks in 1994, 2004, and 2019 as the research object. It employs the vector data of National Forest Parks and national precipitation, raster data of the national elevation, national A-level scenic spots, and national spatial administrative boundary vector data from 1994 to 2019 as the research data. Various GIS analysis and SPSS analysis methods are adopted, such as grid fractal method, kernel density method, exploratory spatial analysis, buffer analysis, and correlation analysis. The research results are as follows. (1) National Forest Parks are mainly distributed in east of Hu Huanyong Line, roughly forming high-density distribution areas centered on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Sichuan-Chongqing junction, and Hunan-Jiangxi junction. It shows a distribution pattern of “large agglomeration and small scattered”. (2) The fractal characteristics of the National Forest Parks system are obvious, and the fractal structure is more complicated. (3) The distribution of National Forest Parks varies significantly among provinces. The three major zones show a “convex pattern” differentiation law with less in the east and west and more in the middle. The eight regions show that “the distribution of National Forest Parks decreases from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the southwest to the northeast and the middle reaches of the Yellow River”. (4) The hot spots of National Forest Parks show a certain degree of instability, where Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang are more active in the development and keep in hot spots, whereas Xinjiang, Tibet, and Sichuan are in cold spots, and the development of forest parks is relatively slow. (5) Topography, precipitation, tourist source market, and tourism resource endowment are the main factors affecting the spatial distribution pattern of National Forest Parks. Therefore, it is proposed that: (1) Increase the number of locations of National Forest Parks in the east and west. (2) The spatial relevance of National Forest Parks is obvious, and the Matthew effect of space is significant. In the future, all regions, provinces, and National Forest Parks should strengthen cooperation to form a community of destiny for developing forest park tourism. This will contribute to the better and faster development of national parks in China. (3) According to the four major influencing factors of National Forest Parks, the development model of National Forest Parks can be divided into scenic-reliant development, natural geographic element utilization development, and market-driven development models. This research will further expand and deepen the research content and direction of China’s forest parks. It will also provide references for rational layout and healthy development of China’s National Forest Parks to form a community of common destiny of forest park tourism in China and promote the better and faster development of China’s national parks.

Key words: National Forest Park, spatial differentiation, influencing factors, spatial analysis technology, China

朱磊,李燕楠,胡静,周葆华,贾垚焱. 国家森林公园空间分布格局及其影响因素研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(2): 389-400.

ZHU Lei,LI Yannan,HU Jing,ZHOU Baohua,JIA Yaoyan. Spatial differentiation pattern and influencing factors of China National Forest Park[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(2): 389-400.

图/表 11

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年份	国家森林公园数量	陆地面积/10⁴ km²	平均实际最邻距离/km	理论最邻距离/km	最邻近指数（R）	类型检验结果
1994	232	960	72.11	101.71	0.71	凝聚型
2004	564	960	48.44	65.23	0.74	凝聚型
2019	892	960	36.59	39.77	0.92	凝聚型

年份	指标	k
年份	指标	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
1994	N(r)	4	6	11	15	19	24	26	31	38
1994	I(r)	0.8978	1.4827	1.9676	2.3199	2.4868	2.7869	2.9100	3.0660	3.3481
2004	N(r)	4	8	14	20	25	33	37	44	49
2004	I(r)	0.9346	1.6741	2.0706	2.4960	2.7018	2.9306	3.1220	3.3103	3.4932
2019	N(r)	4	8	14	20	26	33	39	56	50
2019	I(r)	0.9053	1.6750	2.0576	2.4504	2.6777	2.8923	3.0964	3.2897	3.4589

年份	平原（<200 m）		丘陵（200~500 m）		山地（500~1000 m）		高原（>1000 m）
年份	数量/个	占比/%	数量/个	占比/%	数量/个	占比/%	数量/个	占比/%
1994	92	39.66	54	23.28	33	14.22	53	22.84
2004	194	34.46	147	26.11	81	14.39	141	25.04
2019	319	35.76	236	26.46	162	18.17	175	19.61

年份	干旱地区（<200 mm）		半干旱地区（200~400 mm）		半湿润地区（400~800 mm）		湿润地区（>800 mm）
年份	数量/个	占比/%	数量/个	占比/%	数量/个	占比/%	数量/个	占比/%
1994	7	3.02	44	18.97	89	28.92	92	39.66
2004	24	4.26	123	21.85	183	32.51	233	41.39
2019	51	5.72	185	20.74	258	28.92	398	44.62

国家森林公园空间分布格局及其影响因素研究

Spatial differentiation pattern and influencing factors of China National Forest Park

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