提孜那甫河流域地表太阳辐射估算及其影响因素分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.338

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地表太阳辐射是地球表层主要能量来源,对地表能量平衡、能量交换以及生态水文过程等具有决定性意义。山区地形复杂,其地表太阳辐射时空差异较大且较难估算。采用适用于山区的地表太阳辐射模型对西北昆仑山提孜那甫河流域地表太阳辐射时空分布进行了估算,分析了该流域季节太阳辐射空间分布规律并探讨了地形和云2个重要因素对太阳辐射空间分布的影响。结果表明:（1）地形因子中周围地形阻挡即地形开阔度（Sky view factor,SVF）与年总太阳辐射的关系最为显著,太阳辐射随SVF增加而增加。（2）年总太阳辐射随着高程增加首先减少,再而随之增加。探究SVF随高程的变化,发现其与太阳辐射随高程的变化趋势较为一致,因此在山区复杂地形下地表太阳辐射估算中仅利用高程对其校正存在明显不足,需综合考虑地形效应。（3）研究计算了季节云出现频率空间分布与太阳辐射空间分布的相关系数,结果表明夏季太阳辐射受云影响较其他季节显著。定量分析了地形因子以及云对地表太阳辐射空间分布影响的贡献率,周围地形阻挡SVF对地表太阳辐射空间分布的影响最大,高程和云次之。因此综合考虑地形和云对太阳辐射的影响在山区太阳辐射模拟中是非常必要的,研究可为山区地表太阳辐射模拟提供理论依据,并为山区生态水文过程研究提供方法支撑。

关键词: 山地, 太阳辐射, 云, 地形

Abstract:

Solar radiation is the main energy for surface energy balance. It is more complex to calculate the solar radiation over mountain areas than flat areas because of the complex terrain. We calculate the solar radiation in space and time for the Tizinafu River Basin that located northwest of the Tibetan Plateau in China. The seasonal solar radiation in space was analyzed on the basis of the calculations and we also discussed how the terrain and cloud affect the spatial pattern of solar radiation in the study area. The results show that sky view factor (SVF) has a significant connection with solar radiation. We also found that the annual solar radiation decreased first and then increased with elevation-increasing. That solar radiation did not increase with elevation-increasing was caused by surrounding terrain effect because the trend of the SVF and elevation change is similar to that of solar radiation and elevation change. As a result, the topographic effect with self-shading and surrounding-shading should be considered in the calculation of solar radiation over complex terrain. In addition, the cloud frequency also had a significant connection with solar radiation in space. However, the contribution of elevation, slope, aspect, SVF, and cloud to solar radiation was evaluated and the results demonstrated that SVF, elevation, and cloud had a significant effect on solar radiation. All these indicate that it is necessary to consider the integrated effect of terrain and cloud for solar radiation modeling over mountain terrain. This study provided more spatial and temporal details about surface solar radiation over mountain terrain and is important for solar radiation modeling and the study of ecohydrological processes.

Key words: mountain area, solar radiation, cloud, terrain

张淑花,李新功,李奇虎,王默涵. 提孜那甫河流域地表太阳辐射估算及其影响因素分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(3): 734-745.

ZHANG Shuhua,LI Xingong,LI Qihu,WANG Mohan. Estimation of surface solar radiation and analysis of its influencing factors in the Tizinafu River Basin[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(3): 734-745.

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产品	数据集	空间分辨率	时间分辨率
MOD06/MYD06	云光学厚度（COT）、云水路径（CWP）、云粒子有效半径（CER）、云相（COP）、云顶高度（CTH）	1 km	瞬时
MOD04/MYD04	气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）	10 km	瞬时
MOD05/MYD05	水汽（Water vapor）	1 km	瞬时
MOD07/MYD07	臭氧光学厚度（Ozone optical depth）、地表气压（Surface pressure）	5 km	瞬时
MCD43	地表反照率（Surface albedo）	500 m	d
MERRA-2	气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）、地表气压（Surface pressure）、水汽（Water vapor）、臭氧光学厚度（Ozone optical depth）	0.5°×0.625°	3 h或1 h
ASTER DEM	数字高程模型（DEM）	30 m	-