秦岭南北潜在蒸发与气温响应关系及其影响因素

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2020.06.04

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 蒸发是水文循环的重要组成部分，精细化蒸发变化与气象要素的响应关系，对中国重要生态过渡带水资源、生态恢复重建以及社会经济的可持续发展具有重要意义。基于 1970—2017 年 70 个气象站点观测数据，辅以趋势分析和小波相干方法，对秦岭南北气温和潜在蒸发（ET₀ ）变化特征进行分析，探讨气象要素与 ET₀ 的响应关系。结果表明：以滑动相关方法为基础，无论是滑动窗口调整，还是去趋势序列，气温与ET₀ 均呈现正相关关系，说明秦岭南北气温上升，ET₀ 增加；但是，秦岭南北气温与ET₀ 相关关系存在时空差异。以 1993 年为时间节点，前期气温和 ET₀ 相关性呈现增加趋势，后期则逐渐减弱；空间上西秦岭地区是气温和 ET₀ 的弱相关区。在主导因素上，ET₀ 对太阳辐射变化更为敏感，风速并非区域 ET₀ 变化的主导因素，从而导致“蒸发悖论”现象并不突出。多因素主导 ET₀ 变化，是秦岭南北 ET₀ 与气温响应关系存在时空差异的原因。

关键词: 气候变化, 潜在蒸发, 蒸发悖论, 趋势分析, 秦岭南北

Abstract: Evaporation (ET₀ ) is an important part of the hydrological cycle. A detailed analysis of the relationship between ET₀ and meteorological factors is of great significance for water resources, ecological restoration and reconstruction, and sustainable development of social and economic in China’s important ecological transition zone. In this paper, based on the data from 70 meteorological stations in the south and north of Qinling Mountains during 1970—2017, potential evaporation was first calculated using FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) Penman- Monteith model. Moreover, variation of temperature and ET₀ in the south and north of Qinling Mountains is analyzed and the relationship between ET₀ and meteorological factors i.e., temperature, wind speed, sunshine duration, relative humidity are investigated to determine which factor primarily influences ET₀ using a sliding correlation coefficient and wavelet coherence. The results are as follow: based on the mutual correspondence of trends, there is uncertainty in the response relationship between ET₀ and temperature in the south and north of Qinling Mountains. It is not a simple reverse correspondence, that is, the higher the temperature, the more the evaporation. Based on the sliding correlation coefficient, whether we adjusted the size of sliding correlation window or divided the different time periods, there is always a significant positive correlation between ET₀ and temperature, implying that the existence of“evaporation paradox”phenomenon in the study region could not be detected. However, there is a spatiotemporal difference in the correlation between the temperature and ET₀ in the south and north of Qinling Mountains. In terms of the relationship between temperature and evaporation, 1993 was a turning change point since the correlation in the whole period increased initially and then decreased. In terms of spatial variation, regardless of the sequence (original or detrending) and sliding correlation window (11 a or 21 a), the correlation pattern of temperature and ET₀ in the south and north of Qinling Mountains has not changed much, while a weak correlation is observed in the western part of Qinling Mountains. For the influence of meteorological factors change on ET₀ change, it is well established that with the observed decreased sunshine duration and wind speed and increased relative humidity, the ET₀ has been decreasing over the past 48 a, which confirmed three existing assumptions: (1) the reductions in sunshine duration is the first factor for the decline in ET₀ resulting from the evidences in three sub- regions in the south and north of Qinling Mountains, (2) the decreasing wind speed is the second factor for the decline in both northern and south piedmont of Qinling Mountains, and (3) the increasing change in relative humidity exacerbated the decrease of ET₀ in Hanjiang River Basin. However, temperature is the last related factor to ET₀ in south and north of Qinling Mountains. The interaction of multiple factors may influence the variation of ET₀ rate, which is the main reason for the complexity of the‘evaporation paradox’in south and north of Qinling Mountains.

Key words: climate change, potential evaporation, evaporation paradox, trend analysis, the south and north of Qinling Mountains

王晓萌, 延军平, 李双双, 晏德莉, 万佳 . 秦岭南北潜在蒸发与气温响应关系及其影响因素[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020, 43(6): 1435-1445.

WANG Xiao-meng, YAN Jun-ping, LI Shuang-shuang, YAN De-li, WAN Jia. Spatiotemporal relationship between evaporation and temperature in the south and north of Qinling Mountains and its influential factors[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2020, 43(6): 1435-1445.

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