陕北黄土高原生态系统服务与人类福祉关系的尺度依赖性——基于生态恢复与社会发展双重驱动

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.729

Abstract

Abstract:

Unraveling the interactions and scale effects between ecosystem services and human well-being within major ecological engineering zones is key to achieving social-ecological system coevolution. As a frontline for large-scale ecological restoration, poverty alleviation, and rural revitalization, the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi in China has undergone profound shifts in ecosystem services and human well-being. This study uses the InVEST model, Spearman correlation analysis, and the coupling coordination degree model to examine the spatiotemporal distribution and internal correlations of key ecosystem services and human well-being in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi from 2000 to 2023, including grain production, carbon storage, water yield, soil retention, and habitat quality. Therefore, this study explored the coupling coordination patterns and scale-dependent characteristics of ecosystem services and human well-being at the county and township levels. The results revealed that (1) A significant spatial mismatch occurred between the evolution of ecosystem services and human well-being: while ecosystem services overall improved with a “high-in-south, low-in-north” pattern, human well-being exhibited a “high-in-north, low-in-south” distribution. (2) Synergies predominated within both ecosystem services and human well-being systems, characterized by prevalent positive correlations among individual ecosystem service categories and human well-being dimensions. (3) Pronounced scale dependency was observed in ecosystem services and human well-being coupling coordination. In both scales, the relationships were dominated by moderate coordination and antagonism, exhibiting a trend where “maladjusted zones shifted southward while coordinated zones migrated northward”. Notably, compared to the county scale, the township scale exhibited lower mean coupling coordination degree values and a significant increase in antagonistic and maladjusted units. This study reveals that macroscale synergies may mask underlying imbalances and risks at microscales. These findings provide critical insights for formulating cross-scale, precision-targeted policies that balance ecological equity with development opportunities, ultimately fostering high-quality development in the Loess Plateau and similar ecologically vulnerable regions globally.

Key words: ecosystem service, human well-being, coupling coordination model, the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi

YANG Rongxin, YUAN Ye, YUAN Yuan, YANG Yuqing, WU Yichao. Scale dependency of the relationship between ecosystem services and human well-being in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi: Based on the dual drivers of ecological restoration and social development[J].Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(5): 949-962.

Figures/Tables 10

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References 34

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人类功能结构	功能指标	具体指标	单位	指标性质	层次分析法权重	熵权法权重	组合赋权法权重
基础功能	物质	人均耕地面积	hm²·人^-1	+	0.089	0.025	0.057
		人均粮食产量	t·人^-1	+	0.077	0.026	0.052
		人均油料产量	t·人^-1	+	0.053	0.052	0.052
		人均肉类产量	t·人^-1	+	0.043	0.023	0.033
		人均奶类产量	t·人^-1	+	0.035	0.043	0.039
	健康	医疗卫生机构床位数	个·(10⁴人)^-1	+	0.069	0.052	0.061
	教育	普通中小学在校人数	人·(10⁴人)^-1	+	0.073	0.046	0.060
		普通中小学专任教师人数	人·(10⁴人)^-1	+	0.071	0.034	0.052
		大专及以上人口数	人·(10⁴人)^-1	+	0.069	0.262	0.166
和谐功能	城乡一体	城乡人均可支配收入比（农村/城镇）	%	+	0.077	0.061	0.069
发展功能	生活水平	人均GDP	元·人^-1	+	0.072	0.063	0.067
		恩格尔系数	%	-	0.075	0.157	0.116
		地方财政一般公共预算收入	10⁸元	+	0.058	0.085	0.071
		地方财政一般公共预算支出	10⁸元	+	0.072	0.048	0.060
可持续功能	应对气候变化	碳排放强度	t·(10⁴元)^-1	-	0.067	0.023	0.045

耦合协调度（D）	耦合协调类型	相对发展度（R）	相对发展类型
0.0≤D≤0.2	高度失调	0.0≤R≤0.6	人类福祉领先型
		0.6<R≤1.2	二者同步发展型
		R>1.2	生态系统服务领先型
0.2<D≤0.4	中度失调	0.0≤R≤0.6	人类福祉领先型
		0.6<R≤1.2	二者同步发展型
		R>1.2	生态系统服务领先型
0.4<D≤0.6	拮抗	0.0≤R≤0.6	人类福祉领先型
		0.6<R≤1.2	二者同步发展型
		R>1.2	生态系统服务领先型
0.6<D≤0.8	中度协调	0.0≤R≤0.6	人类福祉领先型
		0.6<R≤1.2	二者同步发展型
		R>1.2	生态系统服务领先型
0.8<D≤1.0	高度协调	0.0≤R≤0.6	人类福祉领先型
		0.6<R≤1.2	二者同步发展型
		R>1.2	生态系统服务领先型

Scale dependency of the relationship between ecosystem services and human well-being in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi: Based on the dual drivers of ecological restoration and social development

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