国家森林公园空间分布格局及其影响因素研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.206

Abstract

Abstract:

National Forest Parks are important tourist destinations in China and are the main positions for the development of ecological, mountain, health, and leisure tourism in China. This study takes National Forest Parks in 1994, 2004, and 2019 as the research object. It employs the vector data of National Forest Parks and national precipitation, raster data of the national elevation, national A-level scenic spots, and national spatial administrative boundary vector data from 1994 to 2019 as the research data. Various GIS analysis and SPSS analysis methods are adopted, such as grid fractal method, kernel density method, exploratory spatial analysis, buffer analysis, and correlation analysis. The research results are as follows. (1) National Forest Parks are mainly distributed in east of Hu Huanyong Line, roughly forming high-density distribution areas centered on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Sichuan-Chongqing junction, and Hunan-Jiangxi junction. It shows a distribution pattern of “large agglomeration and small scattered”. (2) The fractal characteristics of the National Forest Parks system are obvious, and the fractal structure is more complicated. (3) The distribution of National Forest Parks varies significantly among provinces. The three major zones show a “convex pattern” differentiation law with less in the east and west and more in the middle. The eight regions show that “the distribution of National Forest Parks decreases from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the southwest to the northeast and the middle reaches of the Yellow River”. (4) The hot spots of National Forest Parks show a certain degree of instability, where Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang are more active in the development and keep in hot spots, whereas Xinjiang, Tibet, and Sichuan are in cold spots, and the development of forest parks is relatively slow. (5) Topography, precipitation, tourist source market, and tourism resource endowment are the main factors affecting the spatial distribution pattern of National Forest Parks. Therefore, it is proposed that: (1) Increase the number of locations of National Forest Parks in the east and west. (2) The spatial relevance of National Forest Parks is obvious, and the Matthew effect of space is significant. In the future, all regions, provinces, and National Forest Parks should strengthen cooperation to form a community of destiny for developing forest park tourism. This will contribute to the better and faster development of national parks in China. (3) According to the four major influencing factors of National Forest Parks, the development model of National Forest Parks can be divided into scenic-reliant development, natural geographic element utilization development, and market-driven development models. This research will further expand and deepen the research content and direction of China’s forest parks. It will also provide references for rational layout and healthy development of China’s National Forest Parks to form a community of common destiny of forest park tourism in China and promote the better and faster development of China’s national parks.

Key words: National Forest Park, spatial differentiation, influencing factors, spatial analysis technology, China

ZHU Lei,LI Yannan,HU Jing,ZHOU Baohua,JIA Yaoyan. Spatial differentiation pattern and influencing factors of China National Forest Park[J].Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(2): 389-400.

Figures/Tables 11

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References 32

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年份	国家森林公园数量	陆地面积/10⁴ km²	平均实际最邻距离/km	理论最邻距离/km	最邻近指数（R）	类型检验结果
1994	232	960	72.11	101.71	0.71	凝聚型
2004	564	960	48.44	65.23	0.74	凝聚型
2019	892	960	36.59	39.77	0.92	凝聚型

年份	指标	k
年份	指标	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
1994	N(r)	4	6	11	15	19	24	26	31	38
1994	I(r)	0.8978	1.4827	1.9676	2.3199	2.4868	2.7869	2.9100	3.0660	3.3481
2004	N(r)	4	8	14	20	25	33	37	44	49
2004	I(r)	0.9346	1.6741	2.0706	2.4960	2.7018	2.9306	3.1220	3.3103	3.4932
2019	N(r)	4	8	14	20	26	33	39	56	50
2019	I(r)	0.9053	1.6750	2.0576	2.4504	2.6777	2.8923	3.0964	3.2897	3.4589

年份	平原（<200 m）		丘陵（200~500 m）		山地（500~1000 m）		高原（>1000 m）
年份	数量/个	占比/%	数量/个	占比/%	数量/个	占比/%	数量/个	占比/%
1994	92	39.66	54	23.28	33	14.22	53	22.84
2004	194	34.46	147	26.11	81	14.39	141	25.04
2019	319	35.76	236	26.46	162	18.17	175	19.61

年份	干旱地区（<200 mm）		半干旱地区（200~400 mm）		半湿润地区（400~800 mm）		湿润地区（>800 mm）
年份	数量/个	占比/%	数量/个	占比/%	数量/个	占比/%	数量/个	占比/%
1994	7	3.02	44	18.97	89	28.92	92	39.66
2004	24	4.26	123	21.85	183	32.51	233	41.39
2019	51	5.72	185	20.74	258	28.92	398	44.62

Spatial differentiation pattern and influencing factors of China National Forest Park

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