Abstract:

This study examines the spatial distribution patterns of 899 ski resorts across China from a multi-scale perspective, integrating national natural geographical zones and provincial regions. Using spatial analysis techniques including the Voronoi coefficient of variation, kernel density estimation, and geographic detector models, we investigated both the spatial differentiation characteristics and driving factors of Chinese ski resort distribution. Our analysis revealed three key findings: (1) Regional distribution pattern: China’s ski resorts exhibit a distinct “dense in the north, sparse in the south, more in the east, less in the west” spatial configuration. The primary concentrations appear in north China, northeast China, east China, and northwest China. (2) Spatial agglomeration structure: A “one core, three areas, multiple facets” pattern emerges at the national scale. High-density areas are predominantly concentrated in northeast China (Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces), north China (Beijing City, Hebei Province), and northwest China (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shaanxi Province). By contrast, central, south china, and southwest China show a sparse distribution of ski resorts. (3) Hierarchical driving factors: The determinants of ski resort spatial differentiation rank as follows: Natural environment>transport capacity>socio-economic development>tourism development level. Significant interaction exists among these factors, primarily through dual-factor enhancement mechanisms, demonstrating that both environmental and socioeconomic variables jointly shape spatial distribution. Based on these findings, we recommend leveraging spatial agglomeration advantages, implementing regionally differentiated development strategies, and strengthening infrastructure to promote high-quality development of China’s winter sports economy.

Key words: multi-scale, ski field, spatial pattern, geographic detector, driving factors