兰州新区浅层地温能赋存条件及土壤源热泵系统适宜性分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.355

Abstract

Abstract:

Exploitation of shallow geothermal energy can optimize regional energy structure, save fossil fuel resources, and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Understanding the subsurface characteristics which determine the suitability of an area for shallow geothermal energy is essential to provide a scientific basis for development planning and government decision-making. This study examines the conditions for shallow geothermal energy in both the existing built-up area and planned area of Lanzhou New District (440 km² in total) in Gansu Province of northwest China, based on many years’ actual exploration and test data. An objective evaluation of the applicability of soil source heat pump (SSHP) systems was undertaken using an improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the comprehensive index method. The results are that: (1) Lanzhou New District has generally excellent conditions for shallow geothermal energy utilizing SSHP systems. Specifically, the area has a simple and stable stratigrafic structure, high thermal conductivity, high specific heat capacity, and relatively high geothermal gradient. However, there are some unfavorable factors for developping groundwater source heat pump systems in the district, include a weak water-rich property aquifer and poor water quality. (2) The suitability evaluation model is based on an AHP divided into three attribute criteria and seven element indexes. This approach avoids some discrepancies inherent in a traditional judgement matrix constructed with the 1-9 scale proposed by Saaty. In this study, the judgement matrices for target layer and attribute criterion layer were constructed using an index scale, obtaining the weight of each factor to the target. Simultaneously, dimensionless parameters for each factor were optimized to make the model more efficient and give the evaluation result higher credibility. (3) The key factors affecting the suitability of SSHP are the average thermal conductivity and the geothermal gradient, which in this area are 1.807-2.676 W·m^-1·K^-1 and 0.30-0.40 ℃·km^-1, respectively. The evaluation shows that “suitable” and “relatively suitable” areas for SSHP in the Lanzhou New District amount to 359.46 km², which is 81.70% of the extent of the study area. Those suitable areas are chiefly located on the plains of Qinwangchuan Basin; other hilly and mountainous areas are less suitable for the installation of SSHP systems. Changing the traditional judgement matrix approach to this improved AHP-based evaluation process gives more accurate results more efficiently. The specific evaluation results of this study have clear practical value in guiding development planning for deployment of SSHP systems in Lanzhou New District and other comparable areas.

Key words: shallow geothermal energy, soil source heat pump, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), suitability, Lanzhou New District

FAN Bin,DING Hongwei,ZHANG Linxin,ZHANG Lingpeng,ZHANG Yongjun. Occurrence conditions of shallow geothermal energy and suitability analysis of soil source heat pump system in Lanzhou New District[J].Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(3): 836-846.

Figures/Tables 12

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References 29

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地层时代	岩土名称	密度（ρ） /10³ kg·m^-3	含水率/%	导热系数（λ）/W·m^-1·K^-1			比热容（c）/J·kg^-1·K^-1			热扩散系数（α）/10^-6 m²·s^-1
地层时代	岩土名称	密度（ρ） /10³ kg·m^-3	含水率/%	实测值	平均值		实测值	平均值		实测值	平均值
第四系（Q）	中砂	1.45~2.25	15.22~18.52	0.700~0.952	0.861		537.52~1256.23	912.34		0.685~1.524	1.239
	粉土	1.32~2.10	13.14~22.31	0.897~1.050	0.935		635.45~1570.52	1106.52		0.752~1.642	1.288
	粉质黏土	1.76~2.05	14.24~19.52	1.125~1.356	1.189		542.22~1541.25	1038.24		0.856~1.752	1.314
	角砾	2.13~2.48	17.64~25.67	0.954~1.219	1.104		798.45~1413.52	1193.46		0.875~1.824	1.347
新近系（N）	泥岩	2.26~2.65	2.37~10.21	1.021~2.369	1.807		255.08~872.35	735.38		1.031~2.712	1.519
	砂质泥岩	2.39~2.74	3.12~12.65	1.138~2.821	2.113	322.51~869.54		779.11	1.024~2.733		1.604
	砂岩	2.45~3.18	9.58~17.82	1.789~3.665	2.676	368.64~939.53		884.49	1.190~2.845		1.893
	砂砾岩	2.31~2.94	11.33~19.04	1.445~2.687	2.389	417.28~907.81		852.37	1.081~2.761		1.885

指数（n）	0	2	4	6	8
标度aⁿ	1.000	1.732	3.000	5.194	9.000
评语	同等重要	稍微重要	明显重要	强烈重要	极端重要
中间插值	需要做这种处理时（n=1, 3, 5, 7）按照公式1.316ⁿ计算

X	X₁	X₂	X₃
X₁	1.000	0.577	0.333
X₂	1.732	1.000	0.577
X₃	3.000	1.732	1.000

X₁	X₁₁	X₁₂	X₁₃
X₁₁	1.000	0.577	0.333
X₁₂	1.732	1.000	0.577
X₁₃	3.000	1.732	1.000
X₂	X₂₁	X₂₂
X₂₁	1.000	0.333
X₂₂	3.000	1.000
X₃	X₃₁	X₃₂
X₃₁	1.000	3.000
X₃₂	0.333	1.000

W_i		R_C	W_ij /W_i		R_C	W_ij		R_C
W₁	0.1692	0.0176	W₁₁/W₁	0.1744	0.0027	W₁₁	0.0295	0.013
			W₁₂/W₁	0.3021		W₁₂	0.0511
			W₁₃/W₁	0.5235		W₁₃	0.0886
W₂	0.3874		W₂₁/W₂	0.2500		W₂₁	0.0969
W₂	0.3874		W₂₂/W₂	0.7500			W₂₂		0.2906
W₃	0.4434	W₃₁/W₃	0.7500	W₃₁	0.2906
W₃	0.4434	W₃₂/W₃	0.2500		W₃₂	0.0969

Occurrence conditions of shallow geothermal energy and suitability analysis of soil source heat pump system in Lanzhou New District

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指标要素	赋值级别
指标要素	10	7~9	5~7	3~5	1~3
地下水埋深/m	<10	10~20	20~30	30~50	>50
含水层厚度/m	>30	20~30	10~20	5~10	<5
地下水流速/m·d^-1	>0.50	0.10~0.50	0.05~0.10	0.01~0.05	<0.01
初始平均地温/℃	>16	14~16	12~14	10~12	<10
地温梯度/℃·km^-1	>0.5	0.3~0.5	0.2~0.3	0.1~0.2	<0.1
平均热导率/W·m^-1·K^-1	>3.0	2.5~3.0	2.0~2.5	1.5~2.0	<1.5
平均比热容/kJ·kg^-1·K^-1	>1.2	1.0~1.2	0.8~1.0	0.6~0.8	<0.4

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