新疆准噶尔盆地未开垦盐碱土盐分与盐生植被多样性分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.012

Abstract

Abstract:

Researchers are increasingly paying attention to soil salinization, which is one of the most serious ecological problems in arid areas. Soil salinization worldwide is expected to increase by more than 50% by 2050. The area of soil salinization in Xinjiang of China is 1336.4×10⁴ hm². The uncultivated saline-alkali soil area in the Junggar Basin accounts for 27% of the saline soil area in Xinjiang. This paper selected the Junggar Basin as the study area. Soil salinity, pH, EC value, eight ions, and other indexes were measured. Multivariate statistics and principal component analysis were adopted to study the distribution characteristics of saline-alkali soil and the diversity of halophytic vegetation in this area. The characteristics of salt and base ions in different soil layers were analyzed by multivariate statistics. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between soil salinity and base ions. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to study the main soil factors affecting the distribution of dominant species in halophytic vegetation. The results showed that: (1) the study area was primarily composed of sulfate-chloride and sulfate soils. In Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture and Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, moderate and severe sulfate-chloride and sulfate soils were distributed in the form of a chain or strip. Soda saline soil and soda alkaline soils were primarily distributed in point form in the Altay Prefecture. (2) Dilute salt vegetation, such as Haloxylon ammodendron and Petrosimonia sibirica, is dominant in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture. Salt-bearing vegetation, such as Reaumuria songarica and Alhagi sparsifolia, is dominant in Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. (3) The quadratic polynomial expresses the relationship between soil salinity and vegetation diversity. The Shannon-Wiener index, Hurlbert index, and Pielou evenness index reached their maximum value when the soil salinity was 5-10 mg·g^-1. Halophytic vegetation species were abundant and evenly distributed within the pH range of 8.4 to 9.2. (4) PCA analysis of dominant halophyte species and soil properties showed that soil salinity is the key factor affecting the distribution of Reaumuria songarica, Haloxylon ammodendron, Salsola collina, and Tamarix chinensis, whereas. Suaeda acuminata and Nitraria tangutorum were primarily affected by soil pH and CO₃^2-. This study will provide theoretical support for the rational utilization of uncultivated land resources and ecological restoration.

Key words: uncultivated saline-alkali soil, salinity, halophytic vegetation diversity, Junggar Basin

LIANG Meng,MI Xiaojun,LI Chenhua,ZHAO Jin,WANG Yugang,MA Jian,Hu Jiangling. Salinity characteristics and halophytic vegetation diversity of uncultivated saline-alkali soil in Junggar Basin, Xinjiang[J].Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(1): 185-196.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Statistical analysis of soil salinity, pH and base ions in Junggar Basin"

指标	最大值	最小值	均值	标准差	变异系数	偏度	峰度
盐分/mg·g^-1	64.36	0.12	7.53	8.43	1.12	-5.81	35.63
pH	9.65	7.95	8.63	1.36	0.16	4.15	24.69
K⁺/mg·g^-1	0.63	0.01	0.11	0.10	0.89	2.95	10.98
Na⁺/mg·g^-1	52.32	0.01	3.56	6.05	1.70	6.30	48.56
Ca²⁺/mg·g^-1	2.45	0.01	0.70	0.62	0.89	0.58	-0.54
Mg²⁺/mg·g^-1	0.43	0.01	0.06	0.07	1.29	2.90	10.17
Cl^-/mg·g^-1	21.19	微量	1.88	3.02	1.60	3.75	19.31
$C O 3 2 -$ /mg·g^-1	0.52	0.00	0.07	0.11	1.71	2.00	3.85
$HC O 3 -$ /mg·g^-1	0.70	0.14	0.38	0.13	0.35	0.38	-0.55
$S O 4 2 -$ /mg·g^-1	26.08	0.01	6.20	5.47	0.88	0.99	1.06

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Contents of soil salinity, pH and base ions in different soil layers"

深度/cm	盐分/mg·g^-1	pH	K⁺/mg·g^-1	Na⁺/mg·g^-1	Ca²⁺/mg·g^-1
0~20	7.204±5.107a	8.731±0.148a	0.130±0.124a	3.135±5.752ab	0.708±0.753a
20~40	7.034±10.188a	8.743±0.043a	0.104±0.126a	3.708±6.421a	0.670±0.709ab
深度/cm	Mg²⁺/mg·g^-1	Cl^-/mg·g^-1	$C O 3 2 -$ /mg·g^-1	$HC O 3 -$ /mg·g^-1	$S O 4 2 -$ /mg·g^-1
0~20	0.063±0.106a	1.573±0.389b	0.077±0.015a	0.407±0.019a	5.836±0.635ab
20~40	0.047±0.066a	2.066±0.260a	0.063±0.013b	0.352±0.015b	6.166±0.612a

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Pearson correlations of soil salinity, pH and base ion contents in 0~20 cm soil layer"

	pH	EC	盐分	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	$C O 3 2 -$	$HC O 3 -$	$S O 4 2 -$
pH	1.000
EC	-0.410^**	1.000
盐分	-0.433^**	0.896^**	1.000
K⁺	0.079	0.247^*	0.223^*	1.000
Na⁺	-0.102	0.494^**	0.602^**	0.531^**	1.000
Ca²⁺	-0.393^**	0.575^**	0.621^**	0.351^**	0.354^**	1.000
Mg²⁺	0.012	0.136	0.194	0.364^**	0.281^**	0.170	1.000
Cl^-	-0.354^**	0.770^**	0.902^**	0.192	0.601^**	0.493^**	0.278^**	1.000
$C O 3 2 -$	0.470^**	-0.210^*	-0.266^*	0.057	-0.182	-0.462^**	0.260^*	-0.142	1.000
$HC O 3 -$	0.432^**	0.005	-0.037	0.175	0.050	-0.395^**	0.036	-0.082	0.431^**	1.000
$S O 4 2 -$	-0.326^**	0.723^**	0.685^**	0.367^**	0.431^**	0.706^**	0.072	0.374^**	-0.413^**	-0.067	1.000

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Pearson correlations of soil salinity, pH and base ion contents in 20~40 cm soil layer"

	pH	EC	盐分	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	$C O 3 2 -$	$HC O 3 -$	$S O 4 2 -$
pH	1.000
EC	-0.201	1.000
盐分	-0.250^*	0.732^**	1.000
K⁺	-0.081	0.237^*	0.316^**	1.000
Na⁺	0.015	0.431^**	0.473^**	0.570^**	1.000
Ca²⁺	-0.441^**	0.233^*	0.474^**	0.382^**	0.123	1.000
Mg²⁺	-0.045	0.254^*	0.301^**	0.289^**	0.487^**	0.222^*	1.000
Cl^-	-0.126	0.597^**	0.728^**	0.327^**	0.564^**	0.195	0.362^**	1.000
$C O 3 2 -$	0.428^**	-0.110	-0.234^*	-0.171	-0.118	-0.441^**	-0.155	-0.135	1.000
$HC O 3 -$	0.175	0.101	-0.113	-0.111	0.001	-0.477^**	-0.066	-0.135	0.097	1.000
$S O 4 2 -$	-0.187	0.601^**	0.752^**	0.400^**	0.292^**	0.648^**	0.223^*	0.260^*	-0.311^**	-0.156	1.000

Tab. 4

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Tab. 5

Tab. 6

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Tab. 7

Eigenvectors of soil factors in the first two axes of PCA"

环境变量	pH	EC	TSS	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺
PC1	-0.2926	1.4479	1.4097	0.8615	1.5178	0.7182	0.3305
PC2	1.3612	0.0453	-0.3821	0.1920	0.3725	-1.3358	0.1756
环境变量	Cl^-	$C O 3 2 -$	$HC O 3 -$	$S O 4 2 -$	SAR	ESP
PC1	0.9463	-0.5045	0.1359	1.2755	0.7510	0.7477
PC2	0.1184	1.1653	1.2259	-0.3754	1.2115	1.2304

Tab. 7

Fig. 7

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区域	优势物种	伴生物种
昌吉回族自治州	琵琶柴（Reaumuria songarica）	尖叶盐爪爪（Kalidium cuspidatum）
	梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）	心叶驼绒藜（Ceratoides ewersmanniana）
	盐生假木贼（Anabasis salsa）	里海盐爪爪（Kalidium caspicum）
	盐节木（Halocnemum strobilaceum）	角果黎（Ceratocarpus arenarius）
	新疆绢蒿（Seriphidium kaschgaricum）	齿稃草（Schismus arabicus）
	刺毛碱蓬（Suaeda acuminata）	樟味黎（Camphorosma monspeliaca）
	叉毛蓬（Petrosimonia sibirica）	鞑靼滨黎（Atriplex tatarica）
	骆驼蓬（Peganum harmala）	芨芨草（Achnatherum splendens）
	猪毛菜（Salsola collina）	芦苇（Phragmites australis）
阿勒泰地区	灌木亚菊（Ajania fruticulosa）	新疆绢蒿（Seriphidium kaschgaricum）
	琵琶柴（Reaumuria songarica）	柽柳（Tamarix chinensis）
	驼蹄瓣（Zygophyllum fabago）	盐生假木贼（Anabasis salsa）
	盐生草（Halogeton glomeratus）	骆驼蓬（Peganum harmala）
	角果黎（Ceratocarpus arenarius）
塔城市	唐古特白刺（Nitraria tangutorum）	樟味黎（Camphorosma monspeliaca）
	芨芨草（Achnatherum splendens）	叉毛蓬（Petrosimonia sibirica）
	刺毛碱蓬（Suaeda acuminata）	猪毛菜（Salsola collina）
博尔塔拉蒙古自治州	梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）	铃铛刺（Halimodendron halodendron var. halodendron）
博尔塔拉蒙古自治州	琵琶柴（Reaumuria songarica）	甘草（Glycyrrhiza uralensis）
	猪毛菜（Salsola collina）	罗布麻（Apocynum venetum）
	骆驼刺（Alhagi sparsifolia）	唐古特白刺（Nitraria tangutorum）

区域	黎科	蓼科	禾本科	菊科	柽柳科
阿勒泰地区	135	0	0	9300	0
博尔塔拉蒙古自治州	1383	93	47	0	0
塔城市	3980	0	227	2696	144
昌吉回族自治州	26038	378	181	3701	309

Salinity characteristics and halophytic vegetation diversity of uncultivated saline-alkali soil in Junggar Basin, Xinjiang

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