Abstract:  A new round of counterpart support to Xinjiang is a important measure to maintain prolonged stability and realize harmonious development in Xinjiang through national efforts. Based on the measure，this paper sets up 6 benchmarked indicators and 29 characterizing indicators under the target layer of the economic and social development in Xinjiang. Then it analyzed the economic development in Xinjiang under the counterpart support background，from Xinjiang’s economic growth，local revenues increase，infrastructure perfection，people’s livelihood improvement，talent team building，industrial upgrading and environmental protection，using principal component analysis.This paper’s basic data come from relevant data in the “Xinjiang Statistical Yearbook”and“China Statistical Yearbook” （2000-2013） or calculated results on this data. The results show that，since the western region development and a new round of counterpart support in Xinjiang，the development effect of infrastructure and people’s livelihood is relatively obvious. Industrial optimization，financial ability and talent development present wavy slow growth. While the ecological environment is sustained decline. These illustrate some issues like industry lags behind，talents shortages and high energy consumption and high pollution industry transfer during the counterpart support in Xinjiang. Therefore，we must enhance the self-development capacity in Xinjiang，build  taxation system conducive to the harmonious development，rational distribution infrastructure，focus on the practical effect of improving people’s livelihood，establish mechanisms to stimulate the vitality of talent，insist on protecting environment of Xinjiang，and effectively improve effect of the counterpart support in Xinjiang.

Key words: counterpart support to Xinjiang, economic development, improvement direction