Abstract: Over the last decades，there has been considerable interest in the analysis of regional spatial-temporal pattern. Indeed，regional growth has exhibited complex spatial patterns including both population spread and economic equity decentralization from the well-developed counties to the less developed ones. Regional disparity is an important issue to the regional study in revealing the discrepancy of related regions and thus to display the spatial pattern between regions. And interregional disparities in China’s rural resident’s income have attracted considerable political and scholarly attention. Although in a country of such a vast size as China，large disparities seem to be an unavoidable fact of nature，there is the additional impact of distorting policy interventions and spatially divergent institutional change，which renders the topic analytically very difficult and fiscally sensitive. In recent years，a host of studies has been devoted to this topic，with an increasing degree of analytical sophistication. This paper takes the 165 counties in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region as the research objects，per capita net income as the measurable index，whose data was derived from the statistical yearbook from 2002 to 2011. In order to reveal the spatial-temporal distribution patterns and spatial interaction types of economic disparities in the rural resident’s income，traditional statistic analysis，which is often used as a tool to reveal the disparities within regions，and spatial autocorrelation analysis that is helpful in taking the geographical location into consideration to make up for the shortcomings of former methods，are combined together to reveal the income disparities of research units. The conclusions are as follows: （1）The absolute disparity of per capita net income for administrative counties has been continuously enlarged since 2002，while relative disparity has been reduced and polarization has been enlarged discontinuously from 2002~2011. （2）The county rural resident’s income has a growing tendency from east to west，from south to north. （3）The spatial pattern of rural resident’s income showed a strong trend of spatial natural correlation，the similar units clustered in space. （4） The hot spots of rural resident’s income mainly locate in the Hexi Corridor，Yinchuan Plain and Guanzhong Plain，and the cold spots of rural resident’s income cluster at southern Gansu. Significant changes took place in ten years: the hot spots were eastward migrated apparently，while the spatial patterns of other region were affected by its evolution. And at last，the driving factors of the evolvement of rural economic development framework were identified from the following aspects：the natural geographical environment，historical development foundation，economic geographical location，social-economic structures and regional development policy.

Key words: rural residents&rsquo, net-income, spatial-temporal evolution, driving factors, Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region