Abstract: The project of controling comprehensively the Tarim river has been one of important projects in China. It isnecessary to study environmental evolution and regional development deeply.According to sporopollen informartion in'Tarim Basin, the total trend of climate changing in this area is that degree of arid and dry has been aggrarvating since the Quaternary Period. In later Epipleistocene, desert covered most of 'Tarim Basin.Climate hadchanged many times, but the period of cold and wet was becoming shorter and shorter, the period of warm anddry was becoming longer and longer. When human history started, with the activities of human development, natural factors and human behavior factors exerted integratedly a profound influence on environment evolutionIn the early human history, natural forces took dominant role. With the developing of human civilization, abili-ties of human reforming the natural were reinforced contimuously, human behavior started to take dominant rolein environmental evolution- Especially after 19505, the area of 'Tarim Basin was developed on a large scale, theactivities of regional developing exerted great influence on evolution of regional ecological environment. Althoughthe output of oases in the area increased largely, the total ecological environment had been deteriorating, it destroyed seriously the foundation of regional social and economy sustainable development. T'his paper takes Yulicounty in the lower reaches of 'Tarim river as a study case, analyses the activities of regional developing and sum-marizes good and bad influences.It points out that good influences includes advancing oasis land productivity, enhancing the utility of water resource, enlarging the oasis area and improving oasis internal ecological environ-ment. Then bad influence is stated as follows: unbalancing distribution of water resources among areas- Becausewater was drawn largely to irrigate farmland in upper and middle reaches of 'Tarim river, water in down streamwas decreased, the riverbed in down river was dry, salt area was formed; land desertification has been becomingmore and more serious; green corridor has been nearly to disappear; pasture had been degenerating seriously ; soil had been becoming salt and alkali one; biology diversity had been destroyed seriously. Lastly, on the basis ofabove analysis, the paper discusses the countermeasures for restoring the regional ecological environment. Itpoints out that not only the technology of antroling desertification shoud be developed, but also the idea andmethod of management should be renewed, and at present the latter is more important. More attentions shouldbe paid to harmonize building ecology and developing economy by making policy, in order to implement sustainable development of society and economy. 'The countermeasures includes: striving for ecology building project atall levels, raising fund for restoring ecology from different ways; adjusting the agricultural structure in order toprovide foundation and accumulate fund for restoring the ecological environment ; applying and spreading innovated technology in order to improve output per water; drawing relevant policy and management institutions toimplement managing the river uniformly.

Key words: the lower reaches of 'Tarim River, regional developing, restoring ecological environment