塔里木盆地风沙灾害强度和频次的时空分布特征

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.06.08

Abstract

Abstract:

Sandstorm is a common meteorological disaster that causes serious damage to agricultural production and animal husbandry in the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China. Based on the disaster data acquired from the 1028 wind-sand disasters that occurred in 42 counties (cities) in the Tarim Basin from 1990 to 2019, six factors were selected as major disaster elements, namely, death toll, number of collapsed houses, collapsed shed circles, damaged sheds, livestock deaths, and affected areas. The disaster damage index could be integrated to express the intensity of disaster events using the method of ratio scale weighting and the dimensionless approach of linear combination. The intensity of disaster events was quantitatively divided into four levels using the percentile method: general (level 1), heavy (level 2), large (level 3), and extremely large (level 4). The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of wind-sand disasters in the basin were analyzed in terms of the frequency of occurrence and the disaster damage index. Results showed that the wind-sand disaster hit the basin with the highest frequency and intensity in spring, especially in April and May. The frequency and intensity in the north Tarim Basin were obviously higher than those in other areas in the basin, making it the most frequently and hardest hit area of wind-sand disasters. During 1990—2019, the annual frequency of occurrence of wind-sand disasters in the basin conside-rably increased linearly, but the intensity fluctuated around the climatic average. The annual occurrence and intensity of wind-sand disaster in level 1 also showed a considerable linear increase, whereas level 2-4 varied around the climatic average. The established Loulan index, which is defined as the pressure difference between the east and west parts of the basin, could explain the dynamic mechanism of long-term changes in the frequency of occurrence of wind-sand disasters in the basin based on dynamic climatology. As this index increased during 1990—2019, the occurrence of an average wind speed of more than 6.0 m·s^-1 per hour in the basin from April to May increased per year. The scale of the basin oasis gradually expanded, resulting in the yearly increasing occurrence of wind-sand disaster in the basin. Thus, this study could provide a scientific basis for the prevention of wind-sand disasters in the Tarim Basin.

Key words: wind-sand disaster, disaster index, intensity and frequency, temporal and spatial distribution, Loulan index, Tarim Basin

WANG Xu,WANG Yun,CHEN Baoxin,WANG Xiuqin,LI Bin. Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of intensity and frequency of wind-sand disasters in Tarim Basin[J].Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(6): 1590-1600.

Figures/Tables 13

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序号	站号	站名	序号	站号	站名	序号	站号	站名	序号	站号	站名
1	51559	和静^*	11	51628	阿克苏^*	21	51709	喀什^*	31	51705	乌恰
2	51567	焉耆^*	12	51629	温宿	22	51716	巴楚^*	32	51708	阿克陶^*
3	51568	和硕^*	13	51633	拜城	23	51717	岳普湖	33	51711	阿合奇^*
4	51642	轮台	14	51636	新和	24	51802	英吉沙	34	51818	皮山
5	51655	尉犁	15	51639	沙雅	25	51804	塔什库尔干	35	51826	策勒
6	51656	库尔勒^*	16	51644	库车^*	26	51810	麦盖提	36	51827	墨玉
7	51765	铁干里克	17	51720	柯坪	27	51811	莎车	37	51828	和田^*
8	51777	若羌	18	51722	阿瓦提	28	51814	叶城	38	51829	洛普
9	51855	且末	19	51730	阿拉尔	29	51815	泽普	39	51839	民丰^*
10	51627	乌什	20	51707	伽师	30	51704	阿图什	40	51931	于田^*

统计量灾情要素	死亡人数/人	倒塌房屋数/间	倒塌棚圈数/座	损坏大棚数/座	牲畜死亡数量/头	农作物受灾面积/hm²
权重	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.24	0.09	0.47
平均值	0.02	9.44	8.53	80.98	233.09	2980.50
最大值	3.00	1414.00	1582.00	3442.00	25580.00	65419.40

百分位数S/%	灾损指数（Z）	风沙灾害强度等级
S≤50	Z≤0.35	一般（1级）
50<S≤75	0.35<Z≤0.94	较重（2级）
75<S≤90	0.94<Z≤2.31	严重（3级）
90<S	2.31<Z	特重（4级）

区域平均	1级/次	2级/次	3级/次	4级/次	合计/次	百分率/%
东部	0.39	0.17	0.12	0.07	0.75	22.46
北部	0.56	0.25	0.17	0.14	1.12	33.53
西部	0.31	0.21	0.12	0.07	0.71	21.26
南部	0.45	0.18	0.07	0.06	0.76	22.75

区域平均	1级	2级	3级	4级	合计	百分率/%
东部	0.05	0.10	0.19	0.26	0.60	18.02
北部	0.06	0.15	0.22	1.01	1.44	43.24
西部	0.04	0.12	0.19	0.33	0.68	20.42
南部	0.04	0.11	0.10	0.36	0.61	18.32

Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of intensity and frequency of wind-sand disasters in Tarim Basin

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