极端气候影响下黄河中下游地区宜居水平时空变化

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.403

Abstract

Abstract:

Assessing climate livability and analyzing the impacts of extreme climates on livability are critical for improving the human settlements in both urban and rural areas. Using the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in China as the study area, this study maps the spatial distribution of climate livability based on climatic suitability factors and then simulates the impacts of extreme climates on livability using the MaxEnt model. The analysis utilizes daily observational data from 493 meteorological stations from 1990 to 2022. The main findings are as follows: (1) The multi-year average climate livability in the Yellow River was higher in the south and east and lower in the north and west. Over 33 years, livability trends were non-significantly upward in the northern middle reaches, but slightly significantly downward in the southern middle reaches and lower reaches. (2) Variations in climate livability were driven by decreased summer humidity, high January temperatures, and increased suitable-temperature days in the northern middle reaches, as opposed to intensified summer warming and reduced sunshine suitability in winter in the southern middle reaches and lower reaches. (3) Extreme high and low temperatures and extreme precipitation generally had moderate-to-high impacts on livability, with strong effects in the south and east and weaker effects in the north and west. Interannual variability was highest for extreme precipitation, followed by extreme low temperatures, and lowest for extreme high temperatures. (4) Compared to the northern middle reaches, the southern middle reaches and lower reaches were more affected by extreme climate due to the higher frequency of heatwave days, extreme precipitation amounts, and extreme precipitation days. The large discrepancies between frost days and cold days is the main reason why the climate livability of this area is highly affected by extreme climate.

Key words: suitability factors, climate livability level, extreme climate, impact intensity, spatiotemporal variations, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River

NING Xiaoju, ZHANG Li, YANG Luyao, MAO Qizheng, LIU Xiaozhuo. Spatiotemporal variations of livability level in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River under the impact of extreme climate[J].Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(5): 975-986.

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References 31

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类别	类型	指标因子	含义	特征
气候宜居水平	年际水热适宜性	年平均气温/℃	一年中日平均气温的平均值	区间
		年适宜温度天数/d	一年中日平均气温在15~25 ℃的天数	正向
		年适宜降水天数/d	一年中日降水量在0.1~10 mm的天数	正向
		年适宜湿度天数/d	一年中日相对湿度在50%~80%的天数	正向
		降水季节均匀度	冬季降水量与夏季降水量的比值	正向
	夏季湿热适宜性	夏季平均气温日较差/℃	夏季日最高气温与日最低气温差值的平均值	正向
		夏季平均相对湿度/%	夏季空气相对湿度的平均值	反向
		7月平均最低气温/℃	7月日最低气温的平均值	区间
	冬季光热适宜性	冬季日照总时数/h	11、12月和次年1月日照时数的总和	正向
	冬季光热适宜性	1月平均最高气温/℃	1月日最高气温的平均值	正向
极端气候影响	极端高温	年高温天数/d	一年中日最高气温≥35 ℃的天数	负向
		年热浪天数/d	一年中热浪事件的总天数	负向
		年热浪频次/次	一年中热浪事件发生的总次数	负向
	极端低温	年霜冻天数/d	一年中日最低气温≤0 ℃的天数	负向
	极端低温	年寒冷天数/d	一年中风效指数<-400的天数	负向
	极端降水	年极端降水量/mm	一年中日降水量≥50 mm的降水量的和	负向
		年极端降水天数/d	一年中日降水量≥50 mm的天数	负向
		最大连续干日/d	一年中最长一次持续无降水日数	负向

变化趋势	显著性	年平均气温		年适宜温度天数		年适宜降水天数		年适宜湿度天数		降水季节均匀度
变化趋势	显著性	站点数量	比例/%	站点数量	比例/%	站点数量	比例/%	站点数量	比例/%	站点数量	比例/%
上升	显著	371	75.25	301	61.06	219	44.42	107	21.70	204	41.38
上升	不显著	69	14.00	139	28.19	160	32.45	79	16.03	133	26.98
下降	显著	18	3.65	14	2.84	34	6.90	218	44.22	54	10.95
下降	不显著	35	7.10	39	7.91	80	16.23	89	18.05	102	20.69

变化趋势	显著性	夏季平均相对湿度		夏季平均气温日较差		7月平均最低气温		冬季日照总时数		1月平均最高气温
变化趋势	显著性	站点数量	比例/%	站点数量	比例/%	站点数量	比例/%	站点数量	比例/%	站点数量	比例/%
上升	显著	48	9.74	102	20.69	324	65.72	34	6.90	135	27.38
上升	不显著	47	9.53	90	18.25	90	18.26	46	9.33	222	45.03
下降	显著	309	62.68	200	40.57	31	6.28	342	69.37	16	3.25
下降	不显著	89	18.05	101	20.49	48	9.74	71	14.40	120	24.34

高影响类型	1991—1995年	1996—2000年	2001—2005年	2006—2010年	2011—2015年	2016—2020年
极端降水、高温和低温高影响	20.30	18.60	18.73	20.79	20.31	18.40
极端高温和低温高影响	9.32	3.65	4.12	5.71	10.16	12.00
极端降水和高温高影响	0.61	2.39	3.77	1.41	2.75	0.00
极端降水和低温高影响	5.15	9.19	8.93	11.19	8.80	0.00
极端高温高影响	3.78	3.95	4.53	3.20	3.36	0.00
极端低温高影响	7.22	7.89	5.93	5.31	7.37	0.00
极端降水高影响	2.22	4.91	5.23	13.70	6.28	13.61
非高影响	51.40	49.42	48.76	38.69	40.97	55.99

Spatiotemporal variations of livability level in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River under the impact of extreme climate

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