中国天山西部区域云降水物理野外观测科学试验研究若干进展

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.056

Abstract

Abstract:

The western Tianshan Mountains in China experiences the highest precipitation in Central Asia. The unique valley topography of the mountains at its westward opening and westerly circulation lead to an exclusive cloud-precipitation physical process in Central Asia. The formation of snow and glaciers and runoff by precipitation considerably affects the social economy and ecological environment of Central Asia. The proposal and implementation of the national “Silk Road Economic Belt” construction have posed serious scientific and technological challenges to water resources, meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation, and ecological environment protection in Central Asia. The observation and research on cloud-precipitation physical processes in this region is the basis of science and technology; however, it is still in its nascent stage and cannot meet the requirements of the national plan and China’s meteorological development. Hence, herein, a scientific experimental base was built for the field observation of cloud and precipitation physics in the western Tianshan Mountains of China in 2019, and relevant research was conducted on the macro and microphysical characteristics of clouds, raindrop spectrum characteristics of stratiform and convective clouds, similarities and differences in the raindrop spectrum characteristics between the central and western Tianshan Mountains, and microphysical characteristics of cold front snowstorm. This paper summarizes the frontier achievements to promote the development of cloud and precipitation physics in Central Asia.

Key words: field observation test, cloud precipitation, macro micro physical characteristics, research progress, western Tianshan Mountains of China

YANG Tao, YANG Lianmei, LI Jiangang, TONG Zepeng. Progress of the scientific experimental for cloud and precipitation physical observation in the western Tianshan Mountains of China[J].Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(10): 1602-1611.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Layout of equipment and technical parameters at each station"

站点	设备名称	时空分辨率	其他参数
新源县站	C波段双偏振雷达（CINRAD/CC-D）	时间分辨率（6 min）、测量分辨率（反射率因子0.5 dBZ；速度0.2 m·s^-1；谱宽0.2 m·s^-1）	探测距离（强度≥400 km；速度≥150 km；谱宽≥150 km；双偏振≥150 km）
	双波段云雷达（WR-KaKu，北京无线电测量研究所/中国）	时间分辨率（1 min）、空间分辨率（回波强度≤0.2 dBZ；方位≤0.5º；俯仰≤0.5º；径向速度≤ 0.1 m·s^-1；速度谱宽≤0.1 m·s^-1）	探测高度范围：0.12~20.00 km；
	边界层风廓线雷达（CFL-16A，北京无线电测量研究所/中国）	高度分辨率（低模式≤60 m或50 m；高模式≤120 m或100 m）；时间分辨率[五波束≤6 min（夏季）；三波束≤6 min（冬季）]	测风最小探测高度（60 m）、测风最大探测高度（≥3 km）、水平风速（0~60 m·s^-1）、风向（0~360°）
	微雨雷达（MRR-2，METEK/德国）	光谱采样速率（10 s）、垂直分辨率（冬季150 m；夏季200 m）	测量高度范围（30~6000 mm）、高度取样数（30层）、雨滴谱粒径范围（0.109~ 6 mm）
	二维视频雨滴谱仪（2DVD，JOANNEUM RESEARCH/奥地利）	水平分辨率（≤0.2 mm）、垂直分辨率[≤0.2 mm （<10 m·s^-1）]、最小测量时间间隔（≤15 s）	测量粒径范围[≥8 mm（液态）]、可分辨通道数（≥100通道）、降水测量精度（±10%）
	地基微波辐射计（MP-3000，Radiometrics/美国）	时间分辨率（3 min）、垂直分辨率（0~500 m： 50 m；500~2 km：100 m；2~10 km：250 m）	通道数（共35通道）、探测高度（10 km）
	激光云高仪（TR-SkyVUE PRO，Campbell/美国）	时间分辨率（1 min）	穿透云层（5层）
	激光雨滴谱仪（Parsivel2，OTT/德国）	时间分辨率（1 min）、空间分辨率（0.2 mm）	粒径（0.2~25 mm）、速度（0.2~20 m·s^-1）
	GPS/MET水汽探测仪（Trimble-5/9，Trimble/美国）	时间分辨率（30 min）	整层
伊宁县站	C波段多普勒天气雷达（四创电子股份有限公司/中国）	时间分辨率（6 min）、空间分辨率（150 m）	雷达工作频率（5.3~5.7 G）、方位角（0~360°）、探测范围（400 km；速度、谱宽200 km）、距离分辨率（150 m）、角度分辨率（≤0.01°）
	微雨雷达	同上	同上
	二维视频雨滴谱仪	同上	同上
	地基微波辐射计	同上	同上
	激光云高仪	同上	同上
	激光雨滴谱仪	同上	同上
	GPS/MET水汽探测仪	同上	同上

Tab. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

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产品类型	产品描述	设备	时间分辨率/min	站点数量
水汽产品	整层水汽	GPS/MET	30	67
	水汽廓线	微波辐射计	3	2
	水汽廓线	微雨雷达	1	4
温度产品	温度廓线	微波辐射计	3	2
气压数据	地面气压	微波辐射计	3	2
风产品	风廓线	边界层风廓线雷达	6	1
降水产品	降水量、降水类型和宏微物理特征	激光雨滴谱仪	1	8
		二维视频雨滴谱仪	1	2
		微雨雷达	1	4
		C波段双偏振雷达	6	1
云观测产品	云高	激光云高仪	1	3
云观测产品	云宏微物理特征	双频毫米波云雷达	1	1

Progress of the scientific experimental for cloud and precipitation physical observation in the western Tianshan Mountains of China

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