Abstract: An oasis is defined as the most important regional system of human-land interaction in arid regions. Rap? id oasis expansion stimulates socioeconomic development; however, it can lead to negative impacts that threaten re? gional food security, ecological construction, and resource sustainability, including cropland and habitat loss and biodiversity reduction. Although some studies on the coordination of oasis resource allocation have been conducted, research on the coordination of resource allocation by oasis as background data is not enough. Xinjiang is the core area of the“Global Belt and Road”economic belt, which consists of a mountain-oasis-desert ecosystem in the arid regions of China. This study used GIS technology and statistical methods to analyze the time series characteristics and spatial differences of the Xinjiang oasis based on long-term serial spatial distribution data and statistical data on the relationship between the distribution and consumption of water resources, population growth, and economic development. The results of this study indicate that oasis area to total area ratio in Xinjiang increased year by year, with the areas of oasis expanding steadily. The oasis areas in different regions were very different, as were the annu? al expansion rates. Expansion speed showed obvious volatility and stage characteristics. In the two periods analyzed, 2000-2005 and 2010-2015, the oasis expansion speed in various regions appeared to have two peaks. The coordina? tion relationship between oasis area expansion and changes in water resources per unit of cultivated land was domi? nated by oasis expansion, and the water resources per unit area of cultivated land decreased. This indicates that the pressure on water resources brought about by oasis expansion was not optimal. The coordination index of oasis area expansion and population growth in all regions of Xinjiang was less than 1. Among these areas, northern Xinjiang had the highest coordination, the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains had the second highest, and eastern Xin? jiang had the lowest coordination. In theory, a population elasticity index of 1 indicates that an oasis area grows in sync with the population, which is the best state of the oasis expansion mode. However, the population growth rate was usually greater than the oasis expansion speed. The population growth rates in various regions of Xinjiang were much greater than the oasis area expansion rate, and the coordination between oasis area expansion and population growth was low. The economic elasticity index of each of the four research districts in Xinjiang was greater than 1, indicating that Xinjiang's economic development rate was greater than that of the oasis area. Among these areas, the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains contributed the most to the Xinjiang’s economic development. Based on these results, we propose several measures to optimize resource allocation to help Xinjiang oasis research change from quantitative to qualitative. These measures include improving water resource utilization efficiency, enhancing transportation capacity, and actively developing secondary and tertiary industries.

Key words: oasis expansion, water resource, population, resource allocation, Xinjiang