山西煤田生态系统服务热（冷）点时空格局

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.06.17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于山西煤田1986年和2015年的遥感、气象等数据,利用InVEST（Integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade offs）模型估算其土壤保持和产水量服务、CASA（Carnegie-Ames-Stanford approach）模型估算植被生产服务、RWEQ（Revised wind erosion equation）模型估算防风固沙服务、热点分析模拟生态系统服务热（冷）点空间分布格局。结果表明：（1） 1986—2015年,土壤保持服务热点区空间分布整体未发生大变化,冷点区主要从沁水煤田和霍西煤田向河东煤田转移;产水服务热点区在沁水煤田东部增加较明显,冷点区主要在河东煤田南部增多;植被生产服务热点区整体由沁水煤田南部向东北部移动,冷点区主要从西山煤田和沁水煤田向河东煤田和大同煤田移动;防风固沙服务热点区整体由西北部向东南部转移,冷点区主要从沁水煤田向霍西煤田和河东煤田转移。（2） 1986—2015年研究区东南部的沁水煤田为多重生态系统服务热点区集中地,属于重点生态系统服务功能供给区;河东煤田和霍西煤田为多重生态系统服务冷点区变化集中区域。（3）耕地产水量和植被生产服务热点面积占比相对较高,其服务水平强于其他服务;林地和草地的土壤保持服务热点面积最大,属于土壤保持服务高功能区;建设用地的产水服务水平较高。

关键词: 煤田, 生态系统服务, 热点分析, 土地利用, 空间格局

Abstract:

Hotspot analysis can be used to identify spatial clusters of high (or low) value to ecosystem services (ES) in a study area, helping to further explore study areas with a relatively high or low value of each ES. As one application, this is of great significance to the protection and restoration of the ecological environment in coalfields. In this study, we collected remote sensing data, meteorological data, and soil data (as well as data of other types) from coalfields in Shanxi Province, China from 1986 and 2015 and estimated the soil conservation and water yield using the integrated valuation of ES and trade-offs (InVEST) model, the vegetation net primary productivity based on the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford approach, and the sand fixation service based on the revised wind erosion equation. Furthermore, we identified the spatial distribution of hotspots (and coldspots) of ES using the Getis-Ord G_i^* tool of ArcGIS. The results demonstrated the following: (1) From the perspective of individual ES, the overall spatial distribution of hotspots for soil conservation service did not significantly change from 1986 to 2015, whereas the coldspots of the soil conservation service were mainly transferred from Qinshui Coalfield and Huoxi Coalfield to the Hedong Coalfield. The hotspots of water yield also increased significantly in the eastern part of Qinshui Coalfield, whereas the coldspots of water yield increased mainly in the southern part of Hedong Coalfield. Overall, the hotspots of vegetation production service moved from the south to the northeast of Heqinshui Coalfield, whereas the coldspots of vegetation production service mainly moved from Xishan Coalfield and Qinshui Coalfield to Hedong Coalfield and the Datong Coalfield. The hotspots of sand fixation service transferred from the northwest to the southeast as a whole, and the coldspots of sand fixation service mainly transferred from Qinshui Coalfield to Huoxi Coalfield and the Hedong Coalfield. (2) From the perspective of multiple ES, from 1986 to 2015, Qinshui Coalfield in the southeastern part of the study area, which belongs to the key ecosystem service function supply area, was a hotspot of multiple ecosystem services. Hedong Coalfield and Huoxi Coalfield were also coldspots of multiple ES. (3) From the perspective of different land use types, the hotspots of water yield and vegetation production of cultivated land accounted for a relatively high proportion, meaning their level of service was stronger than those of other services. The hotspots of soil conservation service for forest land and grassland also accounted for the largest proportion of hotspots, meaning the level of soil conservation was high, whereas the water yield of construction land was relatively high. The spatial distribution of ES in coalfields and their changes in terms of hotspots and coldspots were closely related to land use. Accordingly, maintaining a good coupling state between land use and ES will be helpful to provide a scientific basis for regional ecological reconstruction and the sustainable development of coalfields.

Key words: coalfields, ecosystem services, hot spot analysis, land use, spatial pattern

潘换换,吴树荣,杨琪雪,杜自强,武志涛,张红. 山西煤田生态系统服务热（冷）点时空格局[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(6): 1686-1695.

PAN Huanhuan,WU Shurong,YANG Qixue,DU Ziqiang,WU Zhitao,ZHANG Hong. Spatiotemporal pattern of hotspots (coldspots) of ecosystem services in coalfields of Shanxi Province[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(6): 1686-1695.

图/表 8

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

参考文献 25

[1]	Daily G C. Nature’s services: Societal dependence on natural ecosystems[M]. Washington DC: Island Press, 1997.
[2]	Costanza R, D’Arge R, Groot R D, et al. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital[J]. Nature, 1997, 387(6630):253-260. doi: 10.1038/387253a0
[3]	王壮壮, 张立伟, 李旭谱, 等. 流域生态系统服务热点与冷点时空格局特征[J]. 生态学报, 2019, 39(3):823-834.
	[ Wang Zhuangzhuang, Zhang Liwei, Li Xupu, et al. The spatial-temporal pattern of hotspots and coldspots of ecosystem services at the watershed scale[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(3):823-834. ]
[4]	Cao Y, Cao Y, Li G Y, et al. Linking ecosystem services trade-offs, bundles and hotspot identification with cropland management in the coastal Hangzhou Bay area of China[J]. Land Use Policy, 2020, 97:104689, doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104689. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104689
[5]	Gurung K, Yang J, Fang L. Assessing ecosystem services from the forestry-based reclamation of surface mined areas in the north Fork of the Kentucky River Watershed[J]. Forests, 2018, 9(10):652. doi: 10.3390/f9100652
[6]	龙精华. 鹤岗矿区生态系统服务评估与权衡研究[D]. 北京: 中国矿业大学, 2017.
	[ Long Jinghua. The study on evaluation and tradeoff of ecosystem services in the Hegang mining area[D]. Beijing: China University of Mining & Technology, 2017. ]
[7]	Qiao X N, Gu Y Y, Zou C X, et al. Trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services in the Taihu Lake Basin of China[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2018, 28(1):86-99. doi: 10.1007/s11769-018-0933-y
[8]	Xu S N, Liu Y F. Associations among ecosystem services from local perspectives[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 690(10):790-798. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.079
[9]	Fernandez-Campo M, Rodríguez-Morales B, Fjellstad W, et al. Ecosystem services mapping for detection of bundles, synergies and trade-offs: Examples from two Norwegian municipalities[J]. Ecosystem Services, 2017, 28:283-297. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.08.005
[10]	Costanza R, Groot R D, Sutton P, et al. Changes in the global value of ecosystem services[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2014, 26:152-158. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.002
[11]	Chen M Q, Lu Y F, Ling L, et al. Drivers of changes in ecosystem service values in Ganjiang upstream watershed[J]. Land Use Policy, 2015, 47:247-252. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.04.005
[12]	Jiang W, Lü Y H, Liu Y X, et al. Ecosystem service value of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau significantly increased during 25 years[J]. Ecosystem Services, 2020, 44:101146, doi: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101146. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101146
[13]	He S, Su Y, Shahtahmassebi A R, et al. Assessing and mapping cultural ecosystem services supply, demand and flow of farmlands in the Hangzhou metropolitan area, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 692:756-768. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.160
[14]	巩杰, 徐彩仙, 燕玲玲, 等. 1997—2018年生态系统服务研究热点变化与动向[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(10):3265-3276.
	[ Gong Jie, Xu Caixian, Yan Lingling, et al. A critical review of progresses and perspectives on ecosystem services from 1997 to 2018[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(10):3265-3276. ]
[15]	万伦来, 杨峻, 周紫凡, 等. 煤炭资源型城市生态系统服务功能的时空变化特征分析——来自2006—2015年安徽省淮南市的经验证据[J]. 环境科学学报, 2018, 38(8):3322-3328.
	[ Wan Lunlai, Yang Jun, Zhou Zifan, et al. Analysis on spatial-temporal change characteristics of ecosystem service function in coal resource-based cities: Empirical evidence from Huainan City of Anhui Province over 2006—2015[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2018, 38(8):3322-3328. ]
[16]	娜仁, 李康玮, 万伦来, 等. 淮北市煤炭开采与生态系统服务耦合度研究[J]. 环境科学研究, 2019, 32(12):2048-2056.
	[ Na Ren, Li Kangwei, Wan Lunlai, et al. Coupling of coal mining and ecosystem service: Evidence from Huaibei in China[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2019, 32(12):2048-2056. ]
[17]	窦苗. 基于InVEST模型的横断山区产水功能时空变化及其影响因素研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州交通大学, 2018.
	[ Dou Miao. The study of spatial and temporal variation of water production function and its influencing factors in the Hengduan Mountain region based on InVEST model[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 2018. ]
[18]	Zhang J, Li X M, Buyantuev A. How do trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services change in the Long Period? The case study of Uxin, Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Sustainability, 2019, 6041(11):1-19.
[19]	秦景秀, 郝兴明, 张颖, 等. 气候和人类活动对干旱区植被生产力的影响[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020, 43(1):117-124.
	[ Qin Jingxiu, Hao Xingming, Zhang Ying, et al. Effects of climate change and human activities on vegetation productivity in arid areas[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2020, 43(1):117-124. ]
[20]	徐洁, 肖玉, 谢高地, 等. 防风固沙型重点生态功能区防风固沙服务的评估与受益区识别[J]. 生态学报, 2019, 39(16):5857-5873.
	[ Xu Jie, Xiao Yu, Xie Gaodi, et al. Assessment of wind erosion prevention service and its beneficiary areas identification of national key ecological function zone of windbreak and sand fixation type in China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(16):5857-5873. ]
[21]	戴路炜, 唐海萍, 张钦, 等. 北方农牧交错带多伦县生态系统服务权衡与协同关系研究[J]. 生态学报, 2020, 40(9):2863-2875.
	[ Dai Luwei, Tang Haiping, Zhang Qin, et al. The trade off and synergistic relationship among ecosystem services: A case study in Duolun County, the agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(9):2863-2875. ]
[22]	祁宁, 赵君, 杨延征, 等. 基于服务簇的东北地区生态系统服务权衡与协同[J]. 生态学报, 2020, 40(9):2827-2837.
	[ Qi Ning, Zhao Jun, Yang Yanzheng, et al. Quantifying ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies in northeast China based on ecosystem service bundles[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(9):2827-2837. ]
[23]	岳辉, 刘英. 近15 a陕西省植被时空变化与影响因素分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2019, 42(2):314-323.
	[ Yue Hui, Liu Ying. Vegetation spatiotemporal variation and its driving factors of Shaanxi Province in recent 15 years[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2019, 42(2):314-323. ]
[24]	许丁雪, 吴芳, 何立环, 等. 土地利用变化对生态系统服务的影响——以张家口—承德地区为例[J]. 生态学报, 2019, 39(20):7493-7501.
	[ Xu Dingxue, Wu Fang, He Lihuan, et al. Impact of land use change on ecosystem services: Case study of the Zhangjiakou-Chengde area[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(20):7493-7501. ]
[25]	孙庆祥, 周华荣. 阿尔泰山森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评估[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020, 43(5):1327-1336.
	[ Sun Qingxiang, Zhou Huarong. The service function and value evaluation of Altai Mountain forest ecosystem[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2020, 43(5):1327-1336. ]

数据类型	数据来源	分辨率/m	年份	处理方法
DEM高程数据	中科院资源环境科学与数据中心	30	2000	ArcGIS裁剪填洼流向分析与修正
降水、气温等气象数据	中国气象数据共享服务网	30	1986、2015	ArcGIS反距离权重插值
土壤数据	寒区旱区科学数据中心	1000	2009	ArcGIS提取属性计算
土地利用数据	中科院资源环境科学与数据中心	30	1986、2015	ArcGIS提取、裁剪