基于支付意愿的干旱区绿洲城市居住区绿地愉悦价值研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2020.04.24

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 干旱区绿洲城市普遍存在居住区绿地率低、居住环境质量不高的问题,量化居民对居住区绿地的支付意愿及城市居住区绿地的愉悦价值,有利于正确评价城市绿地的价值,科学规划城市空间。基于问卷调查,利用支付卡式条件价值法和Tobit模型测算乌鲁木齐市居民对改善居住区绿地建设与服务的支付意愿,借助计量模型的假设检验对其影响因素进行定量分析,并基于支付意愿得到城市居住区绿地的愉悦价值。结果表明：（1）乌鲁木齐市居民人均支付意愿为148.75 元·a^–1,远高于东部地区,不同属性居住区的支付意愿为商业小区>单位大院>自建房。（2）受访者性别、收入、家庭结构、需求偏好、认知与意识等特征对其支付意愿有显著影响,且非虚拟变量对决策的影响程度可借助经济学中的“边际理论”度量。（3）乌鲁木齐市居住区绿地愉悦价值为3.31×10⁸元·a^–1,利用居民对绿地生态功能和社会功能的认知赋分,发现其生态服务价值略大于社会服务价值。研究可为建立不同尺度绿地支付机制,提升绿洲城市居住区人居环境质量,优化城市空间布局及维护绿洲城市生态平衡提供科学参考。

关键词: 城市居住区绿地, 愉悦价值, 支付意愿, 边际分析, 干旱区

Abstract: Pleasure value is the value identification of the ecology and social services of green space based on human perception. It is of great significance to quantify the value of the externality of urban green space,which is of growing concern for many researchers. The green space of residential land （hereinafter referred to as residential green space） belongs to urban ancillary green space. Residential green space is close to residents’ daily life and has the highest frequency and accessibility. Its construction level directly reflects residents’ living standards,the quality of regional human settlements,and the modern concept of human-oriented principles. Thus,it is particularly important to evaluate the pleasure value of urban residential green space. The value of urban green space,particularly the pleasure value of oasis cities in arid areas,is usually underestimated,which leads to a lack of an internal driving force in the investment and construction of the urban green space. As a result,the rate of green space in the residential area of an oasis city is relatively low,and the quality of the living environment is not high. Therefore,it is meaningful to quantify the residents’ willingness to pay （WTP） for the residential green space of the oasis city and measure the pleasure value of the residential green space at the urban level. Recent research has shown that the WTP of individuals varies among different cities,residential areas,and types of green areas. Moreover,the differences between cities and residential areas are smaller,while the differences between different types of green areas are larger. The influencing factors of WTP primarily include gender,age,occupation,income,family structure,use frequency,and satisfaction. In other words,residents’ socioeconomic characteristics impact their WTP. Based on a review of the literature on the theory of pleasure value,the WTP measurement methods,and its influencing factors,the following work was performed：Using typical oasis city Urumqi,Xinjiang,China as an example,a sampling survey was distributed to residents throughout the main urban areas. Based on the data,we used the CVM method of card payment and Tobit regression model to quantify the residents’ WTP for residential green space and analyzed the influencing factors of the residents’ social and economic attributes. With the aid of the marginal theory from western economics,we analyzed the marginal influence of non-virtual variables on the residents’ decision-making as well. The WTP differences among residential areas with different attributes and residents from different parts of the urban areas were discussed. Additionally,the decomposition of the pleasure value of urban residential green space was calculated. The results indicated that the individual WTP of Urumqi’s residents was 148.75 yuan·a^-1,which was much higher than that in the eastern region. Moreover,the WTP of residents from residential areas with different attributes varied upon comparison. We also found that the respondents’ gender,income,family structure,demand preference,cognition,and consciousness had a significant impact on their WTP and that the impact of non-virtual variables on their decision-making could be measured by means of the marginal theory. At the urban level,the pleasure value of green space in residential areas was 3.31 × 10⁸ yuan·a^-1,in which the value of ecological services was slightly higher than that of social services. Further research is needed to determine how to establish green payment mechanisms of different types and scales,increase the sample quantity,and improve the existing survey methods to reduce the WTP value deviation caused by personal understanding. Additionally,more confirmatory research should be carried out in oasis cities in arid regions to enrich the study of urban residential green space.

Key words: urban residential area green space, pleasure value, WTP, marginal analysis, arid area

刘雅轩, 白亚娟, 马远. 基于支付意愿的干旱区绿洲城市居住区绿地愉悦价值研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020, 43(4): 1088-1097.

LIU Ya-xuan, BAI Ya-juan, MA Yuan. Pleasant value of residential green space of oasis city in arid land based on WTP[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2020, 43(4): 1088-1097.

参考文献

[1] 胡忠秀,周忠学. 西安市绿地生态系统服务功能测算及其空间格局研究[J]. 干旱区地理,2013,36(3):553–561.
[HU Zhongxiu,ZHOU Zhongxue.Ecosystem services evaluation and its spatial pattern analysis of urban green land in Xi’an City[J]. Arid Land Geography,2013,36(3):553–561.]
[2] 陈宏伟,许晶,刘娜,等. 沈阳市城区绿地生态系统服务价值的时空变化[J]. 应用生态学报,2018,29(10):3391–3397.
[CHEN Hongwei,XU Jin,LIU Na,et al.Spatio-temporal dynamics of ecosystem service value of green land in Shenyang[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2018,29(10):3391–3397.]
[3] 谭少华,赵万明. 城市公园绿地社会功能研究[J]. 重庆建筑大学学报,2007,29(5):6–10.
[TAN Shaohua,ZHAO Wanming.Social and psychological benefit of urban green space[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University,2007,29(5):6–10. ]
[4] 江海燕,谢涤湘,周春山. 国外城市绿地外部性定量评价的主要方法及其应用[J]. 中国园林,2010,26(2):78–81.
[JIANG Haiyan,XIE Dixiang,ZHOU Chunshan.Quantitative evaluation methods and their practices or the externality of urban green space[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture,2010,(2):78–81. ]
[5] 孔繁花,尹海伟. 城市绿地功能的研究现状、问题及发展方向[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2010,34(2):119–124.
[KONG Fanhua,YIN Haiwei.Urban green space functions:Present, problems and future[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2010,34(2):119–124. ]
[6] 陆健健,何文珊,童春富,等. 湿地生态学[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社:2009:220.
[LU Jianjian,HE Wenshan,TONG Chunfu,et al.Wetland ecology[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2009:220.]
[7] MILCU Andra Ioana,HANSPACH Jan,ABSON David, et al.Cultural ecosystem services:A literature review and prospects for future research[J]. Ecology and Society,2013,18(3):44.
[8] IVES Christopher D,OKE Cathy,HEHIR Ailish,et al.Capturing residents’ values for urban green space:Mapping,analysis and guidance for practice[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2017,161:32–43.
[9] MARTINES-PAZ José Miguel,BANOS-GONZALEZ Isabel,MARTINEZ-FERNANDEZ Julia,et al. Assessment of management measures for the conservation of traditional irrigated lands:The case of the Huerta of Murcia(Spain)[J]. Land Use Policy,2019,81:381–391.
[10] 陈应发. 国外森林游憩的经济价值评估[J]. 林业经济,1993,5:55–61.
[CHEN Yingfa.Recreational value of forests abroad[J]. Forestry Economics,1993,5:55–61. ]
[11] 宋敏,横川洋,胡柏. 用假设市场评价法(CVM)评价农地的外部效益[J]. 中国土地科学,2000,14(3):19–22.
[SONG Min,HENG Chuanyang,HU Bo.Evaluating the external benefits of agricultural land using the hypothetical market evaluation method (CVM)[J]. China Land Science,2000,14(3):19–22. ]
[12] 关海玲,梁哲. 基于CVM的山西省森林旅游资源生态补偿意愿研究——以五台山国家森林公园为例[J]. 经济问题,2016,(10):105–109.
[GUAN Hailin,LIANG Zhe.Research of forest tourism resources in Shanxi Province ecological compensation based on CVM: Wutai Mountain National Forest Park[J]. Economic Problems,2016,(10):105–109. ]
[13] 李俊梅,李兴业,费宇,等. 昆明西山森林公园游憩价值评估[J]. 云南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,37(4):585–591.
[LI Junmei,LI Xingye,FEI Yu,et al.An assessment on the recreation value of Xishan Forest Park in Kunming[J]. Journal of Yunnan University(Natural Sciences Edition),2015,37(4):585–591. ]
[14] 宋秀华,郎小霞,朴永吉. 条件价值法在居住区绿地中应用的可行性探讨[J]中国园林,2010,26(3):90–92.
[SONG Xiuhua,LANG Xiaoxia,PIAO Yongji.The feasibility of contingent valuation method in green space of residential area[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture,2010,26(3):90–92. ]
[15] 苏芳,郑亚萍,阚立娜,等. 基于CVM调查法评估城市公共绿地服务价值——以西部省会城市为例[J]. 长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(11):2434–2442.
[SU Fang,ZHENG Yaping,KAN Lina,et al.Evaluation of services value of public green space in provincial capitals of urban agglomeration in western China[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2018,27(11):2434–2442. ]
[16] 姚玉璧,肖国举,王润元,等. 近50 a来西北半干旱区气候变化特征[J]. 干旱区地理,2009,32(2):159–165.
[YAO Yubi,XIAO Guoju,WANG Runyuan,et al.Climatic changes of semi-arid region over the north west China in recent 50 a[J]. Arid Land Geography,2009,32(2):159–165.]
[17] 蒋慧敏,刘春云,贾健,等. 乌鲁木齐地区夏季气象干旱的变化特征及成因分析[J]. 干旱区地理,2018,41(4):693–700.
[JIANG Huiming,LIU Chunyun,JIA Jian,et al.Characteristics and causes of meteorological drought in summer in Urumqi[J]. Arid Land Geography,2018,41(4):693–700.]
[18] 李晓辉. 西北干旱地区城市住区环境生态设计研究——以银川市为例[D]. 西安:西安建筑科技大学,2007.
[LI Xiaohui.Ecological design studies of living environment in northwest arid area city:Case of Yinchuan[D]. Xi'an:Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,2007.]
[19] 周晨,李国平. 流域生态补偿的支付意愿及影响因素——以南水北调中线工程受水区郑州市为例[J]. 经济地理,2015,35(6):38–46.
[ZHOU Chen,LI Guoping.The influencing factors for willingness to pay of payment for watershed services:A case of the water receiving area of Zhengzhou City of the middle route project of the South-North Water Transfer Project[J]. Economic Geography,2015,35(6):38–46.]
[20] 新疆政府网. 乌鲁木齐市力争2020年创建国家生态园林城市[EB/OL].http://egov.xinjiang.gov.cn/2017/12/05/146035.html,2018–12–08.
[21] 田志会,陈峰,刘瑞涵. 居住区绿地生态系统非使用价值的支付意愿及影响因素研究——以北京市昌平区的回龙观和天通苑社区为例[C]//2014中国环境科学学会学术年会(第十二章). 北京:中国环境科学出版社,2014:205–210.
[TIAN Zhihui,CHEN Feng,LIU Ruihan.Study on the public preference and willingness to pay for urban green space in Beijing[C]//2014 Annual Conference of Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences(Chapter 12). Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2014:205–210.]