干旱区生态移民空间迁移特征与生态影响——以甘肃省古浪县为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.263

干旱区地理 ›› 2022, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 618-627.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.263

干旱区生态移民空间迁移特征与生态影响——以甘肃省古浪县为例

张伟¹(),周亮^2,³(),孙东琪³,胡凤宁²

1.兰州交通大学建筑与城市规划学院,甘肃兰州 730070
2.兰州交通大学测绘与地理信息学院,甘肃兰州 730070
3.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101

收稿日期:2021-06-09 修回日期:2021-09-01 出版日期:2022-03-25 发布日期:2022-04-02
通讯作者: 周亮
作者简介:张伟（1996-）,男,硕士研究生,主要从事城市规划与乡村振兴方面研究. E-mail: 11200674@stu.lzjtu.edu.cn
基金资助:
甘肃省2021年度重点人才项目(2021RCXM073);中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划;国家自然科学基金项目(41961027);兰州交通大学“百名青年优秀人才培养计划”资助

Spatial migration characteristics and ecological impacts of ecological migrants in arid regions: A case of Gulang County, Gansu Province

ZHANG Wei¹(),ZHOU Liang^2,³(),SUN Dongqi³,HU Fengning²

1. School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
2. Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
3. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2021-06-09 Revised:2021-09-01 Online:2022-03-25 Published:2022-04-02
Contact: Liang ZHOU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态移民是西部乡村振兴及区域生态保护与修复的有效途径之一,探究生态移民空间迁移特征与生态影响,有助于区域减贫和生态文明建设。以典型的西北干旱生态移民搬迁区域为例,从县域空间视角出发,通过计算土地利用转移矩阵、动态度、利用归一化植被指数（Normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI）和植被恢复度（Vegetation restoration degree,VRD）等方法,系统分析2010—2018年古浪县生态移民空间迁移和植被恢复的时空变化特征。结果表明：（1） 2010—2018年生态移民空间迁移特征表现为地势由高到低、坡度由陡到缓,交通导向和空间聚集,共计移民6.24×10⁴人,占全县常住人口的20.20%。（2） 2010—2018年研究区NDVI在时空上呈现南部迁出地持续增长,北部迁入地先降后升的“V”型趋势。整体移民区NDVI最小值从0.10增至0.15,增加50.00%、NDVI最大值从0.52增至0.72,增加38.46%;移民安置区NDVI最小值从0.10减至0.09,减少10.00%、NDVI最大值从0.66增至0.72,增加9.09%。（3）研究区NDVI平均值和VRD呈现持续快速上升趋势,生态移民对生态环境保护效果显著。其中,南部整体移民区保护效果最为明显,其NDVI平均值从0.19增至0.42,增加121.05%,VRD从0.26增至0.75,增加188.46%。

关键词: 生态移民, 人口迁移, 乡村振兴, 生态修复, 干旱区

Abstract:

Ecological migration is one of the effective ways for rural revitalization and regional ecological protection and restoration in western China. Exploring the spatial characteristics and ecological impacts of ecological migrants can contribute to regional poverty reduction and ecological civilization construction. Herein, we select Gulang County in Gansu Province, which has sensitive ecological characteristics in arid areas, special resettlement sites, and many migrants. From the spatial perspective at the county level, we innovatively use indicators, such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and vegetation restoration degree (VRD) intrinsically relevant to ecological migration. Combining the statistical yearbook, land use data, ecological migration information, and MODIS remote sensing data obtained from field research. The spatiotemporal characteristics and ecological impacts of ecological migration and vegetation restoration policies in Gulang County from 2010 to 2018 were systematically analyzed by calculating the land use transfer matrix, NDVI, and VRD. This study aims at providing a reference for the scientific formulation of ecological migration policies for relevant agencies in arid areas. The results of this study are as follows. (1) The ecological migrants from 2010 to 2018 are spatially characterized by the tendency of high to low terrain, steep to gentle slope, traffic-oriented, and spatial aggregation, with a total of 6.24×10⁴ migrants, accounting for 20.20% of the county’s resident population. (2) From 2010 to 2018, the NDVI of the study area continuously increased in the southern migrant areas and decreased and then increased in the northern migrant areas. The minimum NDVI value in the overall migration area increased from 0.10 to 0.15, and the maximum NDVI value increased from 0.52 to 0.72. The minimum NDVI value in the resettlement area decreased from 0.10 to 0.09, and the maximum NDVI value increased from 0.66 to 0.72. (3) The mean NDVI and VRD in the study area show a continuous and rapid increasing trend, indicating that the ecological migrants significantly affect ecological protection. The most obvious protection effect was observed in the southern part of the study area, with the NDVI mean value increasing from 0.19 to 0.42 and the VRD mean value increasing from 0.26 to 0.75. Ecological migration in arid areas is an effective approach to improve the regional ecological environment. However, it reduces the pressure of population overload in mountainous areas. Additionally, it combines resettlement with low-quality land resources, such as wastelands and deserts, to effectively reduce the damage to the ecological environment caused by human activities. Therefore, how to better use the ecological migration to improve the ecological environment in sensitive and fragile areas and achieve rural revitalization and promote sustainable development in rural areas is also a key issue in the contemporary world seeking a balance between ecological protection and rural revitalization.

Key words: ecological migration, population migration, rural revitalization, ecological restoration, arid area

张伟,周亮,孙东琪,胡凤宁. 干旱区生态移民空间迁移特征与生态影响——以甘肃省古浪县为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(2): 618-627.

ZHANG Wei,ZHOU Liang,SUN Dongqi,HU Fengning. Spatial migration characteristics and ecological impacts of ecological migrants in arid regions: A case of Gulang County, Gansu Province[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(2): 618-627.

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区域	年份	项目	耕地	林地	草地	水域	建设用地	未利用地
整体移民区	2010	面积/km²	342.08	2.45	495.75	2.88	6.68	16.32
	2015	面积/km²	342.27	2.44	495.64	3.15	6.68	15.97
	2018	面积/km²	341.57	0.68	497.80	2.87	6.86	16.39
	2010—2015	动态度/%	0.01	0.05	0.01	1.87	0.00	0.42
	2015—2018	动态度/%	0.07	24.10	0.15	2.98	0.89	0.86
核心移民区	2010	面积/km²	453.37	54.07	395.39	1.82	7.51	0.09
	2015	面积/km²	453.25	54.04	395.19	1.91	7.80	4.99
	2018	面积/km²	462.64	54.99	385.58	1.80	7.59	4.59
	2010—2015	动态度/%	0.01	0.01	0.01	-0.92	0.78	1050.30
	2015—2018	动态度/%	0.69	0.58	0.81	1.86	0.92	2.67
移民安置区	2010	面积/km²	38.18	1.33	216.80	0.28	0.32	119.90
	2015	面积/km²	39.01	1.33	209.56	0.28	4.92	121.70
	2018	面积/km²	117.13	1.23	133.06	1.00	7.47	116.92
	2010—2015	动态度/%	0.44	0.00	0.67	0.00	289.63	0.30
	2015—2018	动态度/%	66.74	23.15	12.17	84.08	17.28	1.31

土地利用类型	耕地		林地		草地		水域		建设用地		未利用地
土地利用类型	2010—2015年	2015—2018年	2010—2015年	2015—2018年	2010—2015年	2015— 2018年	2010—2015年	2015—2018年	2010—2015年	2015—2018年	2010—2015年	2015—2018年
耕地	1688.86	1428.13	0.48	10.11	11.29	222.04	0.30	5.42	1.32	17.17	0.74	24.10
林地	0.51	10.97	96.89	73.58	0.56	11.56	0.00	0.08	0.19	0.57	0.02	1.20
草地	15.47	326.61	0.61	12.34	2279.92	1843.16	0.08	2.57	4.54	5.34	8.01	106.14
水域	0.20	5.28	0.00	0.00	0.11	1.83	14.52	6.93	0.00	0.22	0.03	0.96
建设用地	0.52	20.88	0.01	0.26	0.06	3.26	0.01	0.18	43.98	26.07	0.01	0.98
未利用地	1.87	67.55	0.02	0.47	4.91	98.17	0.31	0.60	1.60	7.32	866.52	700.73

区域	NDVI值
区域	2010年	2015年	2018年
整体移民区	0.10~0.52	0.11~0.57	0.15~0.72
核心移民区	0.01~0.76	0.12~0.83	0.15~0.84
移民安置区	0.10~0.66	0.09~0.71	0.10~0.72

区域	NDVI平均值			VRD
区域	2010年	2015年	2018年	2010—2015年	2015—2018年
整体移民区	0.19	0.24	0.42	0.26	0.75
核心移民区	0.31	0.35	0.52	0.13	0.49
移民安置区	0.16	0.20	0.28	0.25	0.40

干旱区生态移民空间迁移特征与生态影响——以甘肃省古浪县为例

Spatial migration characteristics and ecological impacts of ecological migrants in arid regions: A case of Gulang County, Gansu Province

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