新疆荒漠类型特征及其保护利用

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2019.01.02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新疆荒漠具有分布广泛、成因复杂、类型多样等特点。利用新疆数字地貌图结合Landsat卫星TM数据与GIS制图技术，通过长期野外调查结合有关资料编制荒漠类型图，获得荒漠类型面积数据，据此探讨荒漠分布规律、结构特征、形成演变，并提出利用和保护荒漠的建议。主要结果和结论如下：（1）新疆荒漠具有水平地带性分布与垂直地带性分布的规律及非地带性分布特点，荒漠多分布于干旱程度较高的南疆和东部吐鲁番及哈密地区，东部荒漠占新疆面积的45.86 %，占东部区域面积的91.77 %。（2）荒漠分布广，面积大，总面积达1 31.3 ?104 km2，占新疆面积的80.55 %。荒漠类型面积最大的是沙漠为42.7?104 km2，占荒漠面积32.49 %，泥漠面积仅10 638.5?104 km2，占0.81 %。（3）荒漠类型复杂多样，成因各异，有沙漠、砾漠、盐漠等11种类型，分别主要由气候、地貌、地表物质组成、人为作用等因素单独或共同作用所形成。（4）受自然环境变化与人为作用，荒漠类型之间、荒漠类型与其它地物之间可发生演变。（5）各种荒漠类型的要素特征不同，宜合理利用荒漠资源，划分荒漠环境退化敏感区，保护荒漠环境，针对不同荒漠类型采取适应保护措施，以保障区域可持续发展。

关键词: 荒漠, 类型, 特征, 保护, 新疆

Abstract: The widely distributed deserts in Xinjiang are of complex origin and rich types. In order to come up with the desert classification map and obtain the area of each desert type, Xinjiang digital geomorphologic map, Landsat satellite TM data and GIS graphics as well as the long-term field investigation data and other related information, were used. According to the map, the law of distribution, structural characteristics and development of the deserts were expounded. Meanwhile, the problem of desert utilization and protection were discussed. Results and conclusions are as follows: (1) The Xinjiang deserts are characterized by horizontal zonality and vertical zonality, and are mainly distributed in the south of Xinjiang and the east of Turpan and Kumul Prefecture where a high degree of drought exists. The east desert area accounts for 45.86% and 91.77% of Xinjiang area and east Xinjiang, respectively. (2) The deserts are widely distributed in Xinjiang, with a total area of 1313688.38 km2 which account for 80.55 % of Xinjiang area. From the area of all classified deserts point of view, the desert with an area of 426844.74 km² is the largest one accounting for 32.49% of sandy desert areas, while the area of argillaceous desert is only 10638.5*10⁴ km² occupying 0.81% of the desert areas. (3) The desert types are various and their causes of formation are different from each other. In total, there are 11 types of deserts such as sandy desert, gravelly desert, saline desert, etc., which are mainly formed by a single factor or multiple factors including the climate, terrain, surficial substance, human impact and so on. (4) It happened during the evolution of a desert that the desert has been changed to a different desert type or having other surface features, due to the effect of natural environment changes and human impact. (5) The characteristics of desert types are different, so the rational utilization of desert resources, the protection of desert environment based on sensitivity zonality of desert degradation, and the adoption of specific protective measures to different desert types are necessary to safeguard the regional sustainable development.

Key words: desert, classification, characteristic, protection, Xingjiang

杨发相，李生宇，岳健，张志伟，周杰，雷加强，尹惠妍. 新疆荒漠类型特征及其保护利用[J]. 干旱区地理, 2019, 42(1): 12-19.

Yang Faxiang, Li Shengyu, Yue Jian, Zhang Zhiwei, Zhou Jie, Lei Jiaqiang, Yin Huiyan. The characteristics of Xinjiang desert types and its protection and utilization[J]. 干旱区地理, 2019, 42(1): 12-19.

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