生态优先视角下阿克苏国土空间开发与功能分区

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.385

干旱区地理 ›› 2026, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5): 998-1012.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.385 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2025385

生态优先视角下阿克苏国土空间开发与功能分区

何雨晴¹^,²(), 王程¹(), 黄威¹, 宋佳齐¹, 刘思源³, 宗世敏⁴

¹ 石河子大学城市与环境学院，新疆石河子 832003
² 长安大学土地工程学院，陕西西安 710054
³ 河南农业大学资源与环境学院，河南郑州 450046
⁴ 第十四师农业发展服务中心，新疆昆玉 848116

收稿日期:2025-07-07 修回日期:2025-09-24 出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-05-25
通讯作者: 王程（1989-），女，博士，副教授，主要从事干旱区水资源利用研究. E-mail: chengw8973@163.com
作者简介:何雨晴（2003-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事智能时空大数据分析. E-mail: H18803603562@outlook.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区人力资源和社会保障厅“天池英才”引进计划(CZ001304);石河子大学高层次人才科研启动项目(RCZK20-2302)

Land space development and functional zoning of Aksu from the perspective of ecological priority

HE Yuqing¹^,²(), WANG Cheng¹(), HUANG Wei¹, SONG Jiaqi¹, LIU Siyuan³, ZONG Shimin⁴

¹ College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
² School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
³ College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
⁴ Agricultural Development Service Center of the 14^th Division, Kunyu 848116, Xinjiang, China

Received:2025-07-07 Revised:2025-09-24 Published:2026-05-25 Online:2026-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在生态优先导向下协调干旱区国土空间开发与保护格局，对促进区域可持续发展具有重要意义。以新疆阿克苏地区为研究对象，通过分析2013—2023年“生产-生活-生态”空间转换矩阵以评估时空演变，并综合运用最小累积阻力（MCR）模型，提取生态与开发源地、构建综合阻力面、计算最小累积阻力差值，并引入突变检测法确定分区阈值，最终划定国土空间功能区，据此提出差异化优化策略。结果表明：（1） 2013—2023年阿克苏地区生产空间净增788.80 km²，生活空间净增189.28 km²，生态空间缩减978.08 km²，空间格局呈生态主导、生产扩张、生活缓增的态势。（2）以最小累积阻力差值为0划分国土空间开发适宜性，其中开发建设适宜区面积为1.63×10⁴ km²，在阿克苏地区中部呈现东、西、南3个聚类；生态保护适宜面积为1.15×10⁵ km²，呈包裹状分布于开发建设适宜区的外围。（3）根据最小累积阻力差值与栅格数目的关系曲线临界点-36040、-8820、0、9630将阿克苏地区国土空间开发功能区划分为生态保护区、农业生产区、开发建设区、保护生产区、生产开发区，面积分别为54456.73 km²、18763.61 km²、2305.15 km²、41924.40 km²、13990.09 km²，确立了3个强属性功能区和2个复合型功能区。（4）以功能区为依托，在市县尺度上将阿克苏地区聚类为3个差异化发展集群：城市发展空间、智产融合空间、绿优兴农空间，其优势功能分别为开发建设、生产开发、保护生产，据此提出阿克苏地区国土空间开发的差异化优化策略。

关键词: 国土空间开发, 适宜性评价, 功能区, 最小累积阻力模型, 阿克苏地区

Abstract:

Guided by ecological priority, the coordination of the development and protection patterns of territorial space in arid regions is greatly important for promoting regional sustainable development. Taking Aksu Prefecture in Xinjiang of China as the study area, we assessed spatiotemporal evolution by analyzing the transformation matrix of production-living-ecological spaces from 2013 to 2023. The minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model was used to extract ecological and development sources, construct a comprehensive resistance surface, and calculate the difference in MCR. Catastrophe detection was introduced to determine zoning thresholds, delineating territorial spatial functional zones and accordingly proposing differentiated optimization strategies. The results show that (1) From 2013 to 2023, production space in Aksu Prefecture increased by a net area of 788.80 km², living space increased by 189.28 km², and ecological space decreased by 978.08 km². This spatial pattern is characterized by ecological dominance, production expansion, and the slow growth of living space. (2) Taking the difference in MCR of 0 as the threshold, territorial spatial development suitability was divided. The most suitable area for construction and development covered 1.63×10⁴ km², appearing in terms of three clusters (east, west, and south) across the central part of Aksu Prefecture. The most suitable area for ecological protection makes up 1.15×10⁵ km², which is distributed peripherally in an enclosing pattern around the suitable area for construction and development. (3) Based on the critical points (-36040, -8820, 0, and 9630) of the relationship curve in the difference in MCR and the number of raster cells, the territorial spatial development functional zones of Aksu Prefecture were divided into ecological protection, agricultural production, construction and development, protection and production, and production and development zones, with areas of 54456.73 km², 18763.61 km², 2305.15 km², 41924.40 km², and 13990.09 km², respectively, establishing three strong-attribute functional zones and two composite functional ones. (4) According to the functional zones, at the city-county level, Aksu Prefecture is clustered into three differentiated development clusters: an urban development space, a smart-industry integration space, and a green-agriculture optimization space, and the dominant functions of these are construction and development, production and development, and protection and production, respectively. Thus, differentiated optimization strategies for territorial spatial development are proposed for Aksu Prefecture.

Key words: land territorial space development, suitability evaluation, functional zone, minimum cumulative resistance model, Aksu Prefecture

何雨晴, 王程, 黄威, 宋佳齐, 刘思源, 宗世敏. 生态优先视角下阿克苏国土空间开发与功能分区[J]. 干旱区地理, 2026, 49(5): 998-1012.

HE Yuqing, WANG Cheng, HUANG Wei, SONG Jiaqi, LIU Siyuan, ZONG Shimin. Land space development and functional zoning of Aksu from the perspective of ecological priority[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(5): 998-1012.

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一级指标层	二级指标层	生态源扩张		开发源扩张
一级指标层	二级指标层	属性	权重	属性	权重
自然	高程/m	正	0.2367	正	0.1094
	地形起伏/(°)	正	0.2400	正	0.1109
	年均气温/℃	负	0.2319	负	0.1072
	年均降水/mm	负	0.0084	负	0.0039
	土壤质地	负	0.0220	正	0.0090
	土地利用类型	正	0.0533	负	0.1243
	归一化植被指数	负	0.0149	正	0.0094
社会	人口密度/人·km^-2	正	0.0001	负	0.3754
社会	地区生产总值/10⁴元·km^-2	正	0.0014	负	0.1023
区位	距国道的距离/km	负	0.0844	正	0.0065
	距省道的距离/km	负	0.0935	正	0.0070
	距水系的距离/km	正	0.0134	负	0.0347

阻力因子	生态源/开发源扩张阻力值（阻值越大，阻力越大）
阻力因子	1/1	2/2	3/3	4/4	5/5
高程/m	919~1500	1500~2000	2000~3000	3000~4000	>4000
地形起伏/(°)	0~5	5~10	10~50	50~100	>100
年均气温/℃	>10	5~10	0~5	-5~0	-23~-5
年均降水/mm	>40	30~40	20~30	10~20	0~10
阻力因子	生态源/开发源扩张阻力值（阻值越大，阻力越大）
阻力因子	1/5	2/4	3/3	4/2	5/1
土壤质地	黏土	壤土	砂土	砾质土	-
土地利用类型	水域、林地	草地	耕地	未利用土地	城乡、工矿、居民用地
归一化植被指数	>0.75	0.45~0.75	0.15~0.45	0.00~0.15	<0.00
人口密度/人·km^-2	0~10	10~25	25~50	50~100	>100
地区生产总值/10⁴元·km^-2	0~50	50~100	100~250	250~500	>500
距国道的距离/km	>1.2	0.8~1.2	0.4~0.8	0.2~0.4	0.0~0.2
距省道的距离/km	>1.2	0.8~1.2	0.4~0.8	0.2~0.4	0.0~0.2
距水系的距离/km	0.0~0.2	0.2~0.4	0.4~0.6	0.6~0.8	>0.8

“三生”空间类型		2023年
“三生”空间类型		生产空间	生活空间	生态空间	总计
2013年	生产空间	12146.90	413.42	2161.65	14721.97
	生活空间	272.35	248.21	35.39	555.95
	生态空间	3091.52	83.60	113019.00	116194.12
	总计	15510.77	745.23	115216.04	131472.04

市县	生态保护区	保护生产区	农业生产区	生产开发区	开发建设区	总计
阿克苏市	3454.79	5360.08	2637.26	2472.47	468.83	14393.43
阿拉尔市	0.00	1071.17	1551.45	1125.08	176.27	3923.97
阿瓦提县	7386.76	2824.25	2019.36	744.98	10.91	12986.26
拜城县	7376.30	4107.91	2136.83	1775.26	445.76	15842.06
柯坪县	2432.51	3572.82	2007.89	825.61	22.68	8861.51
库车市	7547.11	3326.34	1897.67	1501.28	225.62	14498.02
沙雅县	16312.44	13417.19	1330.20	684.42	84.55	31828.80
温宿县	5845.00	3485.93	1969.20	2497.55	483.92	14281.60
乌什县	3136.62	2232.12	1880.63	1486.22	269.02	9004.61
新和县	2087.26	1915.60	1059.27	673.70	83.86	5819.69
全区合计	55578.79	41313.41	18489.76	13786.57	2271.42	131439.95

生态优先视角下阿克苏国土空间开发与功能分区

Land space development and functional zoning of Aksu from the perspective of ecological priority

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生态-开发适宜性	功能区	最小累积差值区间
生态保护适宜区	生态保护区	-267314~-36040
	保护生产区	-36040~-8820
	农业生产区	-8820~0
开发建设适宜区	生产开发区	0~9630
开发建设适宜区	开发建设区	9630~22052

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