“乡镇-县域-绿洲”视角下新疆城乡融合的空间条件测度研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.361

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城乡空间关系是推进城乡融合进程的基础，也影响城乡间的要素流动效果，研究新疆城乡融合的空间条件，对于明确要素流动的空间需求，打破城乡二元结构具有重要意义。围绕城乡融合的“空间联系-城乡动力-空间条件”这一逻辑思路，基于2022年数据，综合运用空间可达性、熵值法等方法测度新疆城乡融合的空间联系、融合动力和空间条件，并结合绿洲小区关键特征分析城乡融合空间条件分化方向。结果表明：（1）高可达性区域相互叠加处，乡镇空间联系整体较强，要素流动呈网状扩散；城镇带动力强的县（市）城镇化水平和工业化水平较高，乡村支撑力强的县（市）农业规模化水平较高。（2）在城乡融合空间条件形成过程中，城乡空间联系是基础，城乡融合动力起决定性作用。空间条件好的乡镇主要分布在天山北坡、伊犁河谷、吐哈盆地以及南疆和沿边部分区域。（3）绿洲城乡融合空间条件分化方向可分为小绿洲-弱中心、小绿洲-单中心、中绿洲-强中心、双绿洲-强中心和大绿洲-多中心5种类型。

关键词: 城乡融合, 空间条件, 绿洲, 县域, 乡镇, 新疆

Abstract:

Urban-rural spatial relations underpin the advancement of the process of urban-rural integration and have a significant influence on the efficiency of factor mobility between urban and rural contexts. Investigating the spatial conditions for urban-rural integration in Xinjiang of China has considerable academic and practical significance in the delineation of the spatial requirements of factor mobility and dismantling the urban-rural dual structure. Guided by the logical framework of spatial connection with urban-rural driving forces as the spatial condition for urban-rural integration and drawing on data from 2022, this study comprehensively uses methodologies such as spatial accessibility analysis and the entropy weighting method to measure the spatial connection, integration driving force, and spatial conditions of urban-rural integration in Xinjiang. In addition, it analyzes the differentiation orientations of the spatial conditions for urban-rural integration by integrating the key characteristics of the oasis units. The results indicate that (1) In the overlapping zones of areas that have high accessibility, townships’ overall spatial connection exhibits strong characteristics, and factor mobility presents a network-based diffusion pattern; counties (cities) with a robust urban driving force demonstrate relatively high levels of urbanization and industrialization, whereas counties (cities) having strong rural supporting force feature a relatively high level of agricultural scale operation. (2) During the formation of spatial conditions for urban-rural integration, urban-rural spatial connection serves as the fundamental prerequisite, while the driving force of urban-rural integration plays a decisive role. Townships with favorable spatial conditions are predominantly distributed across the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, the Ili River Valley, the Turpan-Hami Basin, and parts of southern Xinjiang and border-adjacent regions. (3) The differentiation orientations of the spatial conditions for urban-rural integration in oases can be categorized into five types: small oases with a weak center, small oases with a single center, medium-sized oases with a strong center, dual oases with a strong center, and large oases with a multicenter.

Key words: urban-rural integration, spatial conditions, oases, counties, townships, Xinjiang

刘潇, 张新焕, 陈洋, 闫海龙. “乡镇-县域-绿洲”视角下新疆城乡融合的空间条件测度研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2026, 49(5): 1039-1051.

LIU Xiao, ZHANG Xinhuan, CHEN Yang, YAN Hailong. Measurement of spatial conditions for urban-rural integration in Xinjiang from the perspective of “township-county-oasis”[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(5): 1039-1051.

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发展中心类型	发展中心可达性	强联系区/h	中联系区/h	弱联系区/h
城区	至首府城市时间	<1	1~3	>3
	至区域中心城市时间	<1	1~3	>3
	至县城城区时间	<1	1~3	>3
园区	至产业园区时间	<1	1~3	>3
景区	至5A级旅游景区时间	<1	1~3	>3
景区	至4A级旅游景区时间	<1	1~3	>3

一级指标	二级指标	计算方法	时间截面（年份）	属性
城镇带动力	常住人口城镇化水平	常住城镇人口/常住总人口	2022	正向
	人均GDP	地区生产总值/常住总人口	2022	正向
	建成区面积	直接获得	2022	正向
	二三产业占比	二三产业增加值/地区生产总值	2022	正向
	医疗卫生机构床位	直接获得	2022	正向
	数字经济规模	直接获得	2022	正向
	建成区绿化覆盖率	直接获得	2022	正向
乡村支撑力	人均耕地	耕地面积/乡村人口	2020	正向
	人均农业总产值	农业产值/乡村人口	2022	正向
	亩均机械总动力	农业机械总动力/农作物总播种面积	2022	正向
	农业服务水平	农林牧渔专业及辅助性活动产值/ 农林牧渔业总产值	2022	正向
	农业加工企业	农产品加工企业个数	2022	正向
	休闲旅游业发展	民宿个数与农家乐个数之和	2022	正向
	生态发展水平	各县（市）NDVI平均值	2022	正向

城乡联系程度	城乡融合动力
城乡联系程度	强	中	弱
强	较好	较好	一般
中	较好	一般	较弱
弱	一般	较弱	较弱

绿洲类型	绿洲小区	绿洲面积 /km²	绿洲人口规模 /10⁴人	绿洲带动中心
绿洲类型	绿洲小区	绿洲面积 /km²	绿洲人口规模 /10⁴人	县（市）	建成区面积/km²	二三产业增加值/10⁸元	人口变化幅度/%
小绿洲-弱中心	额尔齐斯-乌伦古河两河绿洲小区	5854	65	阿勒泰市	18.00	97.16	-3.02
	塔城-额敏谷地绿洲小区	5128	58	塔城市	17.70	89.60	-6.07
	和田河流域绿洲小区（除和墨洛绿洲外）	1284	74	皮山县	6.00	37.23	0.18
	阿尔金山北麓绿洲小区	334	12	且末县	4.56	25.40	0.87
小绿洲-单中心	艾比湖流域绿洲区	2471	43	博乐市	30.00	167.60	0.32
	吐鲁番绿洲小区	1363	69	高昌区	24.23	110.52	-0.32
	哈密绿洲小区	831	62	伊州区	52.25	500.24	-10.36
	和墨洛绿洲	1710	171	和田市	39.14	130.83	0.20
中绿洲-强中心	渭干河流域绿洲小区	5702	124	库车市	32.40	341.94	0.09
	阿克苏河流域绿洲小区	6206	153	阿克苏市	153.59	284.84	0.88
	喀什噶尔河三角洲绿洲小区	5911	289	喀什市	98.50	264.19	0.29
	叶尔羌河流域绿洲小区	6454	220	莎车县	39.03	101.09	0.16
双绿洲-强中心	开都河-孔雀河流域绿洲小区	5662	138	库尔勒市	98.90	931.69	0.91
双绿洲-强中心	伊犁谷地绿洲小区	4565	255	伊宁市	43.51	338.26	0.08
大绿洲-多中心	天山北麓西部绿洲小区	15369	637	乌鲁木齐市	545.10	3862.24	0.69
				克拉玛依市	79.42	1169.67	-0.67
				昌吉市	69.15	483.78	-3.33
	天山北麓东部绿洲小区	3935	64	阜康市	22.62	319.58	0.00
				吉木萨尔县	13.50	507.43	12.47
				奇台县	17.57	216.99	0.00