阿克苏河流域农田水分利用效率时空格局研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.270

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

定量评估农田水分利用效率（WUEc）的长期变化对优化旱区灌溉农业水资源利用效率，实现农业节水高产高效具有重要意义。以典型干旱区阿克苏河流域为研究对象，集成2002—2022年农田总初级生产力（GPPc）、农田蒸散发（ETc）、WUEc及气象植被要素数据，综合运用Sen’s Slope+Mann-Kendall趋势分析、局部加权回归的季节-趋势分解、偏相关分析与通径分析等方法，系统揭示流域WUEc时空格局及多因子协同作用路径。结果表明：（1）时序特征上，流域GPPc和ETc分别以0.6 g C·m^-2·a^-1和0.3 mm·a^-1的速率显著上升，而WUEc则以0.02 g C·mm^-1·m^-2·a^-1的速率下降；年内动态呈现GPPc和ETc单峰型（8月峰值）与WUEc双峰型（4、10月峰值）的典型特征。（2）空间格局上，WUEc下降区域占60.3%，而GPPc和ETc上升区域分别达97.1%和94.8%，表明流域普遍存在“增产不增效”现象。（3）驱动分析显示，WUEc与气温（T）、饱和水气压差（VPD）、叶面积指数（LAI）呈显著负相关（负相关区域占比77%~89%），与降水（Pre）呈正相关（87%区域）。（4）通径分析揭示，T和Pre主要通过调控GPPc影响WUEc，LAI则通过ETc途径起作用，而归一化植被指数和增强型植被指数通过协同调控ETc和GPPc共同影响WUEc，其中T和LAI是主导驱动因子，对干旱区农业生态系统存在双重胁迫机制。研究结果阐明了干旱区WUEc的多尺度演变规律及其非线性驱动机制，可为气候变化背景下农业水资源优化管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 气象因子, 植被因子, 农作物, 水分利用效率, 阿克苏河流域

Abstract:

Quantitative assessment of the long-term variations in cropland water use efficiency (WUEc) is crucial for optimizing water resource utilization and achieving high yields as well aseffective water-saving in irrigated agriculture in arid regions. This research integrates gross primary productivity of crops (GPPc), grop evapotranspiration (ETc), WUEc, and meteorological as well as vegetation data in the Aksu River Basin from 2002 to 2022, a typical arid region, and systematically identifies the spatiotemporal patterns of WUEc and the synergistic effects of multiple driving factorsby applying Sen’s slope, the Mann-Kendall trend test, seasonal and trend decomposition using loess, partial correlation analysis, and path analysis. The results indicate the following: (1) Temporal characteristics: GPPc and ETc in the basin increased significantly at rates of 0.6 g C·m^-2·a^-1 and 0.3 mm·a^-1, respectively, while WUEc declined at a rate of 0.02 g C·mm^-1·m^-2·a^-1. Intraannual dynamics showed a unimodal pattern for GPPc and ETc (peaking in August), and a bimodal pattern for WUEc (with peaks in April and October). (2) Spatial patterns: Regions with declining WUEc accounted for 60.3% of the area under consideration, while those with increasing GPPc and ETc covered 97.1% and 94.8%, respectively, highlighting a widespread phenomenon of “increased production without efficiency gains” in the basin. (3) Driving factor analysis: WUEc was significantly negatively correlated with temperature (T), vapor pressure deficit, and leaf area index (LAI), with the negatively correlated areas corresponding to 77%-89%, and positively correlated with precipitation (Pre), corresponding to 87% of the total area. (4) Path analysis: T and Pre primarily influenced WUEc by regulating GPPc, whereas LAI affected WUEc via ETc. Normalized difference vegetation index and enhanced vegetation index impacted WUEc through the combined regulation of both ETc and GPPc. T and LAI were identified as dominant drivers, suggesting a dual-stress mechanism acting on agroecosystems in arid regions. This study elucidates the multi-scale evolution patterns of WUEc in arid regions and its nonlinear driving mechanisms, providing a scientific basis for optimizing agricultural water resource management under climate change.

Key words: meteorological factors, vegetation factors, crops, water use efficiency, Aksu River Basin

赵秋, 高凡, 何兵, 李颖, 张加成. 阿克苏河流域农田水分利用效率时空格局研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2026, 49(2): 369-380.

ZHAO Qiu, GAO Fan, HE Bing, LI Ying, ZHANG Jiacheng. Spatiotemporal patterns of cropland water use efficiency in the Aksu River Basin[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(2): 369-380.

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分类	名称	英文缩写	空间分辨率/m	年份	来源
土地利用类型数据	中国年度土地覆盖数据	CLCD	30	2002—2022	ChinaLandCoverDataset
农田植被数据	植被总初级生产力/g C·m^-2	GPP	500	2002—2022	MODISMYD17A2H
	蒸散发/mm	ET	500	2002—2022	MODISMOD16A2
	归一化植被指数	NDVI	500	2002—2022	MODISMOD13C1
	增强植被指数	EVI	1000	2002—2022	MODISMOD13A1
	叶面积指数	LAI	500	2002—2022	MODISMOD13A1
气象数据	温度/℃	T	1000	2002—2022	国家地球系统科学数据中心
	降水/mm	Pre	1000	2002—2022	国家地球系统科学数据中心
	饱和水气压差/kPa	VPD	1000	2002—2022	TerraClimate