玛纳斯河流域土地利用转型生态环境效应及分异机制——基于“三生”空间主导功能判别视角

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.685

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

玛纳斯河流域作为新疆重要的绿洲农业耕作区，生态环境脆弱，探讨土地利用转型及其生态环境效应对该区国土空间优化以及乡镇可持续发展有着重要意义。基于“生产-生活-生态”空间主导功能，分析玛纳斯河流域土地利用功能转型和生态环境效应演变，探讨该区域生态环境效应分异机制。结果表明：（1）2010—2020年，玛纳斯河流域主要发生生态空间向生产空间和生活空间的转出。（2）玛纳斯河流域整体生态环境质量指数从0.29变化为0.27，农业生产空间侵蚀生态空间带来的生态环境负面影响逐渐增强。（3）地形因素和气候因素是玛纳斯河流域生态环境效应变化的主导因子，因子间的交互作用共同驱动流域土地利用转型，导致玛纳斯河流域生态环境质量格局复杂。

关键词: “三生”空间, 土地利用转型, 生态环境效应, 空间分异, 玛纳斯河流域

Abstract:

As a significant desert oasis agricultural area in Xinjiang, the Manas River Basin has a fragile ecological environment. Understanding land use changes and their environmental impacts is crucial for optimizing land use and promoting sustainable development in this region. Based on the spatial function classification of “production-living-ecological,” this study analyzes the shifts in land use capabilities and the evolution of eco-environmental effects in the Manas River Basin, while exploring the mechanisms underlying the differentiation of eco-environmental impacts. The results indicate that: (1) From 2010 to 2020, there is a prominent conversion of ecological space into production and living spaces in the Manas River Basin. (2) The eco-environmental quality index of the Manas River Basin declines from 0.29 to 0.27, with the negative environmental impacts of agricultural production space encroaching on ecological space gradually intensifying. (3) Topographic and climatic factors are the primary drivers of changes in eco-environmental effects in the basin, and the interactions among these factors propel land use transformations, leading to a complex pattern of eco-environmental effects in the Manas River Basin.

Key words: “production-living-ecological” spaces, land use transformation, eco-environment effects, spatial differentiation, Manas River Basin

高喆, 冶建明. 玛纳斯河流域土地利用转型生态环境效应及分异机制——基于“三生”空间主导功能判别视角[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(11): 1947-1956.

GAO Zhe, YE Jianming. Eco-environmental effects and differentiation mechanism of land use transition in Manas River Basin: A perspective based on the dominant function of “production-living-ecological” spaces[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(11): 1947-1956.

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“三生”空间	主导功能	土地利用类型
生产	农业生产	水田、旱地
	工矿生产	工矿等其他建设用地
生活	城镇生活	城镇用地
	农村生活	农村居民点
生态	绿地生态	林地、草地
	水域生态	河渠、湖泊、水库坑塘、永久性冰川、滩涂、滩地
	其他生态	沙地、戈壁、盐碱地、沼泽地、裸土地、裸岩石质地、其他

生态环境改善				生态环境恶化
“三生”空间结构转型		贡献率	占比%	“三生”空间结构转型		贡献率	占比%
2010年	2020年	贡献率	占比%	2010年	2020年	贡献率	占比%
其他生态	农业生产	0.008195	41.609	水域生态	其他生态	-0.031781	54.840
其他生态	绿色生态	0.006400	32.495	绿色生态	其他生态	-0.014954	25.804
其他生态	水域生态	0.002995	15.207	绿色生态	农业生产	-0.008402	14.498
农业生产	绿色生态	0.000830	4.214	水域生态	绿色生态	-0.001120	1.933
绿色生态	水域生态	0.000524	2.661	农村生产	其他生态	-0.000467	0.806
农村生活	农业生产	0.000288	1.462	水域生态	农业生产	-0.000333	0.575
农村生产	水域生态	0.000240	1.219	农业生产	农村生活	-0.000306	0.528
农村生活	绿色生态	0.000087	0.442	绿色生态	农村生活	-0.000205	0.354
其他生态	农村生活	0.000052	0.264	农业生产	工矿生产	-0.000110	0.190
城镇生活	农业生产	0.000038	0.193	绿色生态	工矿生产	-0.000106	0.183
其他生态	工矿生产	0.000016	0.081	农业生产	城镇生活	-0.000097	0.167
工矿生产	农业生产	0.000013	0.066	水域生态	工矿生产	-0.000030	0.052
城镇生活	绿色生态	0.000011	0.056	绿色生态	城镇生活	-0.000026	0.045
城镇生活	水域生态	0.000006	0.030	水域生态	农村生活	-0.000008	0.014
工矿生产	绿色生态	0.000000	0.000	农村生活	工矿生产	-0.000004	0.007
工矿生产	农村生活	0.000000	0.000	城镇生活	工矿生产	-0.000002	0.003
城镇生活	农村生活	0.000000	0.000	水域生态	城镇生活	0.000000	0.001
农村生活	城镇生活	0.000000	0.000	农村生活	其他生态	0.000000	0.000
总计		0.019695	100.000			-0.057952	100.000