约束与增长双向引导的黄土丘陵沟壑区县城“三生”空间优化——以米脂县城中心城区为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.268

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在黄土丘陵沟壑区生态本底强约束及城镇发展需求日益增长的背景下，探讨“三生”空间优化为促进该地区资源合理配置提供参考。基于黄土丘陵沟壑区生态约束与城镇增长的双向引导，提出生态基底辨识与城镇增长模拟相结合的集成性研究方法。以米脂县城中心城区为例，采用MCR模型评价中心城区生态基底条件，利用FLUS-Markov模型模拟2035年中心城区“三生”空间分布，基于此识别生态基底条件与2035年“三生”空间分布的冲突激烈区、冲突中度区与冲突微弱区，并对各冲突区域提出优化策略。结果表明：（1）米脂县城中心城区生态基底条件划分为3个等级：生态保护区、生态控制区和一般生态区，其中生态保护区面积最大，一般生态区面积最小。（2） 2035年自然发展情景下米脂县城中心城区生态空间面积减少803.33 hm²，生产与生活空间面积均呈增长态势，增长面积分别为612.03 hm²、191.30 hm²。（3）米脂县城中心城区有40.80%的用地在未来存在冲突风险，冲突激烈区面积1606.54 hm²，约占城区的23.29%，冲突中度区面积968.19 hm²，约占城区的14.04%，冲突微弱区面积239.32 hm²，约占城区的3.47%，针对各冲突分区特点，提出生态优先、适度融合和兼容发展的“三生”空间优化策略。

关键词: 黄土丘陵沟壑区, “三生”空间, 生态约束, 城镇增长, 冲突识别

Abstract:

In the context of stringent ecological constraints in the Loess Plateau hilly and gully region and the growing demand for urban development, optimizing ecological-production-living (EPL) spaces is crucial for promoting the rational allocation of resources. This study employs an integrated research method combining ecological base identification with urban growth simulation, guided by ecological constraints and urban growth patterns in the Loess Plateau hilly and gully region. Using the central urban area of Mizhi County, Shaanxi Province, China as a case study, the ecological base conditions were evaluated using the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model. The Markov and FLUS models were applied to simulate the spatial distribution of EPL spaces in the urban area for 2035. Subsequently, intense, moderate, and weak conflict zones between ecological base conditions and the spatial distribution of EPL spaces in 2035 were identified, and optimization strategies were proposed for each conflicting zone. The results revealed the following: (1) The ecological base conditions in Mizhi County were categorized into three levels: ecological protection area, ecological control area, and general ecological area, with ecological protection area being the largest and general ecological area the smallest. (2) By 2035, ecological space is projected to decrease by 803.33 hm², while production and living spaces are expected to increase by 612.03 hm² and 191.30 hm², respectively. (3) Approximately 40.80% of the land in the central urban area of Mizhi County is at risk of conflict. Intense conflict zones account for 1606.54 hm², or 23.29% of the urban area; moderate conflict zones account for 968.19 hm², or 14.04%; and weak conflict zones account for 239.32 hm², or 3.47%. Based on the characteristics of each conflict zone, the study proposes EPL space optimization strategies focusing on ecological priority, moderate integration, and compatible development. The integrated research method presented in this study, which combines ecological base identification with urban growth simulation, demonstrates high applicability to the Loess Plateau hilly and gully region and offers valuable insights for the future optimization of EPL spaces in this area.

Key words: Loess Plateau hilly and gully region, ecological-production-living spaces, ecological constraints, urban growth, conflict identification

贾若楠, 吴左宾. 约束与增长双向引导的黄土丘陵沟壑区县城“三生”空间优化——以米脂县城中心城区为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(2): 333-344.

JIA Ruonan, WU Zuobin. Optimization of “ecological-production-living” spaces for urban areas in Loess Plateau hilly and gully region by the dual-guidance between constraints and growth: A case of the central urban area of Mizhi County[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(2): 333-344.

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生态阻力因子		阻力因子分级				权重
生态阻力因子		4	3	2	1	权重
自然	相对高差/m	<50	50~100	100~150	>150	0.05
自然	坡度/(°)	0~8	8~15	15~25	>25	0.19
区位	距道路距离/m	<100	100~250	250~500	>500	0.15
区位	距浇灌点距离/m	<500	500~1000	1000~1500	>1500	0.14
现状	土地利用类型	建设用地	耕地	园地	草地、林地、河流水面	0.18
现状	土壤侵蚀强度/t·km^-2·a^-1	<1000	1000~2500	2500~5000	>5000	0.29

类型	驱动因子
自然要素	相对高差
	坡度
	坡向
	到河流水系距离
	土壤侵蚀强度
社会要素	到铁路距离
	到公路距离
	到汽车站、停车场的距离
	人口密度

“三生”空间类型	2020年	2035年
生态空间	3887.56	3084.23
生产空间	2442.19	3054.22
生活空间	568.48	759.78