2007—2020年西藏草面温度时空分布特征

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.342

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用2007—2020年西藏38个气象站点平均草面温度（简称草温）、平均气温、平均地表温度、云量、降水量等观测资料,采用气候统计诊断方法分析了西藏草面温度的时空分异特征及其影响因素,以期科学研究当地草地生态系统和开展专业气象服务。结果表明：西藏年平均草温呈自东南向西北递减的分布。草温与海拔高度存在显著的负相关,海拔高度每升高100 m,季平均草温降低0.44~0.70 ℃,年平均草温降低0.58 ℃;与纬度有着显著的曲线关系,29.3°N以南（北）地区,随着纬度增加,草温随之升高（降低）。各站草温呈一峰一谷的日变化特征,日最低值出现在07:00—08:00（北京时间）,日最高值均出现在14:00;草温月平均最低值都出现在1月,月平均最高值出现在6月或7月;76%的站点草温的变化为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季的气候特征。西藏草温年较差为21.4 ℃,较气温年较差偏大3.1 ℃;草温日较差达35.7 ℃,远高于气温日较差,偏大21.6 ℃。草温与气温之差以夏季最大,其次是春季、冬季两者比较接近;草温与地表温度之差以春季最大,夏季次之,冬季最小。在空间分布上,月平均草温与气温、地表温度均呈显著的正相关,与平均风速、积雪日呈显著的负相关;积雪深度对草温的影响,除冬季外二者存在显著的负相关;大部分月份平均草温与总云量、低云量、降水量的关系不显著。86.8%的站点5—9月平均逐小时草温与降水量存在显著的负相关关系。

关键词: 时空分布, 草面温度, 影响因素, 西藏

Abstract:

Based on grass surface temperature (GST), air temperature (AT), ground temperature (GT), cloudiness and precipitation et al data from 38 stations in Tibet, China from 2007 to 2020, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of GST and its influencing factors were analyzed using climate statistical diagnostic methods, for scientific study of local grassland ecosystems and professional meteorological services. The results showed that the annual mean GST in Tibet showed a decreasing distribution from southeast to northwest. There was a significant negative correlation between GST and altitude, with each 100 m increase in altitude, the seasonal mean GST decreased by 0.44-0.70 ℃, and the annual mean GST decreased by 0.58 ℃; there was also a significant curve relationship with latitude, and the annual and seasonal GST increased (decreased) with increasing latitude in the area south (north) of 29.3°N. The GST of each station showed a peak and a valley of daily variation, the daily minimum value occurred at 07:00—08:00 Beijing time (BJT), the daily maximum value occurs at 14:00 BJT; the monthly average minimum value happened in January, the monthly average maximum value appeared in June or July. The seasonal variation of GST, 76% of the stations showed the climatic characteristics of summer>spring>autumn>winter. The annual range of GST in Tibet was 21.4 ℃, which was 3.1 ℃ larger than the annual range of AT; the diurnal range of GST reached 35.7 ℃, much higher than the diurnal range of AT, which larger was 21.6 ℃. The difference value between GST and AT was the largest in summer, followed by spring, and the two were closer in winter; the difference value between GST and GT was the largest in spring, followed by summer, and the smallest in winter. In spatial distribution, the monthly mean GST was significantly positively correlated with AT and GT, and negatively correlated with mean wind speed and snow days. There was a significant negative correlation between the effect of snow depth on GST except in winter. In most months, the relationship between mean GST and total cloudiness, low cloudiness and precipitation was not significant. 86.8% of the stations had significant negative correlation between hourly GST and precipitation from May to September.

Key words: spatial and temporal distribution, grass surface temperature, influence factor, Tibet

杜军,高佳佳,王挺,平措桑旦. 2007—2020年西藏草面温度时空分布特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(4): 1103-1113.

DU Jun,GAO Jiajia,WANG Ting, Phuntsoksamten. Spatial and temporal distribution of the grass surface temperature in Tibet from 2007 to 2020[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(4): 1103-1113.

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地理参数	草温	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季	年
经度	平均草温	0.329^*	0.188	0.372^*	0.411^**	0.348^*
	平均最高草温	0.315^*	0.367^*	0.410^**	0.474^**	0.407^*
	平均最低草温	0.430^**	0.303	0.456^**	0.350^*	0.396^*
纬度	平均草温	-0.425^**	-0.185	-0.422^**	-0.525^***	-0.415^**
	平均最高草温	-0.290	-0.068	-0.446^**	-0.480^**	-0.359^*
	平均最低草温	-0.384^*	-0.350^*	-0.304	-0.345^*	-0.362^*
海拔高度	平均草温	-0.822^***	-0.777^***	-0.908^***	-0.901^***	-0.891^***
	平均最高草温	-0.355^*	-0.412^**	-0.541^***	-0.586^***	-0.491^**
	平均最低草温	-0.942^***	-0.943^***	-0.948^***	-0.881^***	-0.944^***

气象要素	1月	2月	3月	4月	5月	6月	7月	8月	9月	10月	11月	12月
平均气温	0.97^***	0.98^***	0.99^***	0.98^***	0.97^***	0.97^***	0.98^***	0.97^***	0.98^***	0.98^***	0.96^***	0.95^***
平均地表温度	0.97^***	0.98^***	0.97^***	0.95^***	0.94^***	0.93^***	0.93^***	0.94^***	0.96^***	0.96^***	0.96^***	0.96^***
平均总云量	0.20	0.24	0.27	0.23	0.09	-0.02	0.03	0.10	0.21	0.30	0.33^*	0.11
平均低云量	0.25	0.28	0.26	0.19	0.01	-0.12	-0.17	-0.09	0.11	0.29	0.34^*	0.19
降水量	0.09	0.20	0.29^*	0.24	0.06	-0.16	0.02	-0.06	0.02	0.26	0.29^*	0.19
平均风速	-0.52^***	-0.40^**	-0.48^**	-0.71^***	-0.70^***	-0.52^***	-0.35^*	-0.39^*	-0.58^***	-0.69^***	-0.63^***	-0.61^***
积雪日数	-0.45^**	-0.54^***	-0.61^***	-0.59^***	-0.57^***	-0.51^**	-0.45^**	-0.46^**	-0.45^**	-0.49^**	-0.36^*	-0.35^*
积雪深度	-0.19	-0.13	-0.29	-0.56^***	-0.62^***	-0.40^**	-0.33^**	-0.30	-0.39^*	-0.58^***	-0.40^**	-0.24