陕西省“三生”空间格局演变与驱动机制研究

摘要/Abstract

图/表 8

参考文献 30

Metrics

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000－6060.2022.046

摘要：

陕西省作为我国承东启西的重要省份，其土地利用的合理规划对于促进区域高质量发展意义重大。以土地功能为视角，运用土地利用转移矩阵等模型，探究2000—2020年陕西省“三生”空间的数量及分布特征和变化趋势，最终分析不同尺度分布变化的内在原因。结果表明：（1） “三生”空间综合土地利用动态度在0.2%波动，期间有2次速率增长，首次是生活空间扩张导致，其次与生态空间增长相关。单一动态度中，生活空间的数值最大，多为正值；生产空间速率次之，多为负值；生态空间多为正值，稳定在0.1%。（2） 2000—2020年生产空间变化最大，总面积减小2913 km²，其余类型增加，生态空间增长更多；二级分类中，生产生态空间减少4036 km²，变化最大，其余类型除潜在生态空间外均为增加，绿色生态空间扩大2025 km²，增加最多。（3） “三生”空间分布与地形地貌相关，其整体以生态空间为主，多分布于省域南部，生产空间主要位于省域中部，生活空间多分布于西安都市圈一带，面积最小，但逐年向外扩张。（4）因子探测中，人口要素对陕西省“三生”空间演化起主导作用；交互探测后，多因子交互后的结果强于单一因子的简单解释。

关键词: “三生”空间, 土地利用/覆被变化, 时空演变, 驱动机制, 陕西省

Abstract:

Shaanxi Province connects the eastern and western parts of China. Hence, its rational land-use planning is crucial to promote high-quality regional development. Guided by land functions, the study explored the characteristics and change trends of the production-living-ecology spaces in Shaanxi Province from 2000 to 2020 using various modeling methods (e.g., a land-use transfer matrix). Subsequently, the mechanisms of distribution changes at different scales were analyzed. The following are the conclusions. (1) The integrated land-use dynamic attitudes of the spaces fluctuated at 0.2%, with two instances of increase: the expansion of living spaces and the increase of ecological spaces. Among the single land-use dynamic attitudes, the rates of living spaces were the highest, mostly positive; the rates of production spaces were the second, mostly negative; and the rates of change of ecological spaces were mainly positive, stable at 0.1%. (2) From 2000 to 2020, the size of production space changed the most, decreasing by 2913 km², and other spaces increased, among which ecological spaces increased more. In the secondary classification, the size of production ecological spaces changed the most, decreasing by 4036 km², whereas the remaining types increased (except for the potential ecological space), and green ecological space increased the most (by 2025 km²). (3) The spatial distribution of spaces relates to topography. The ecology spaces that occupy the largest area were mainly located in the south, the production spaces were mainly located in the central area, and the living spaces that occupy the smallest area were mainly located in the Xi’an metropolitan zone and expanded outward yearly. (4) A factor detector indicates that the population factors dominated the spatial changes of production-living-ecology spaces in Shaanxi Province. Meanwhile, an interaction detector reveals that the results of multifactor could better explain the spatial distribution than those of single factors.

Key words: production-living-ecology spaces, land use/cover change, spatial-temporal evolution, driving mode, Shaanxi Province

窦睿音, 张文洁, 陈晨. 陕西省“三生”空间格局演变与驱动机制研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(2): 264-273.

DOU Ruiyin, ZHANG Wenjie, CHEN Chen. Land use change based on production-living-ecology spaces and its driving forces in Shaanxi Province[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(2): 264-273.

图1

表1

表2

表3

表4

2000—2020年陕西省“三生”空间二级分类土地利用转移矩阵"

类别	2000—2005年
类别	工矿生产空间	蓝色生态空间	绿色生态空间	农村生活空间	潜在生态空间	生产生态空间	生活生产空间
工矿生产空间	/	0.0	0.4	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.0
蓝色生态空间	0.0	/	8.8	0.4	0.3	40.4	0.2
绿色生态空间	8.0	30.6	/	14.7	67.9	849.0	9.9
农村生活空间	0.3	0.6	2.9	/	0.0	8.6	24.3
潜在生态空间	4.0	3.1	68.2	0.3	/	27.5	0.2
生产生态空间	17.0	73.1	1467.5	245.3	6.5	/	77.8
生活生产空间	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.5	-	0.5	/
类别	2005—2010年
类别	工矿生产空间	蓝色生态空间	绿色生态空间	农村生活空间	潜在生态空间	生产生态空间	生活生产空间
工矿生产空间	/	4.9	3.7	0.9	0.0	1.9	8.8
蓝色生态空间	2.5	/	88.5	5.1	4.0	144.1	1.3
绿色生态空间	85.7	58.1	/	62.8	58.1	2040.4	20.4
农村生活空间	3.2	2.3	22.8	/	0.0	118.8	14.7
潜在生态空间	46.8	11.8	157.5	7.6	/	64.6	2.3
生产生态空间	118.2	103.3	3214.3	416.2	18.1	/	186.2
生活生产空间	0.4	0.5	9.8	7.7	0.0	5.5	/
类别	2010—2015年
类别	工矿生产空间	蓝色生态空间	绿色生态空间	农村生活空间	潜在生态空间	生产生态空间	生活生产空间
工矿生产空间	/	-	0.7	0.6	0.4	3.2	0.2
蓝色生态空间	5.8	/	17.6	0.4	0.6	5.5	0.1
绿色生态空间	262.2	29.9	/	6.4	110.6	180.4	3.3
农村生活空间	5.0	0.6	0.0	/	0.1	0.1	12.4
潜在生态空间	91.8	4.1	2.6	0.2	/	79.8	-
生产生态空间	281.9	53.0	50.7	115.1	26.4	/	150.1
生活生产空间	1.6	0.1	0.0	0.6	0.3	0.0	/
类别	2015—2020年
类别	工矿生产空间	蓝色生态空间	绿色生态空间	农村生活空间	潜在生态空间	生产生态空间	生活生产空间
工矿生产空间	/	2.9	49.9	2.4	14.8	38.4	0.7
蓝色生态空间	3.8	/	62.1	2.8	10.9	71.1	1.0
绿色生态空间	125.5	86.5	/	18.0	128.6	2223.1	3.7
农村生活空间	4.3	4.1	61.4	/	7.2	284.6	8.2
潜在生态空间	74.6	5.7	83.4	0.4	/	42.6	0.0
生产生态空间	105.1	128.4	3138.6	231.5	50.1	/	30.2
生活生产空间	9.5	1.1	14.6	3.8	1.6	41.9	/

表4

表5

图2

图3

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类别	2000—2005年			2005—2010年			2010—2015年			2015—2020年
类别	生产空间	生活空间	生态空间	生产空间	生活空间	生态空间	生产空间	生活空间	生态空间	生产空间	生活空间	生态空间
生产空间	70745.3	323.2	1547.5	67727.5	612.2	3344.3	69842.5	265.9	131.1	66821.6	264.8	3384.7
生活空间	9.4	3005.7	3.8	127.9	3191.3	35.3	6.6	3895.4	1.0	340.3	3741.2	90.1
生态空间	928.9	25.7	129064.0	2384.2	99.6	128132.0	625.6	10.4	130876.0	2540.8	25.9	128418.0

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