基于MODIS数据中国天山积雪面积时空变化特征分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于2011—2015年MOD10A2积雪产品和气象数据，通过几何校正、去云预处理，应用归一化差分积雪指数算法等获取中国境内天山山区积雪覆盖面积数据，分析了积雪面积的时空变化特征及与气温降水的关系。结果表明：（1）年内积雪面积呈单峰变化，9月开始积累，次年1月达峰值，3月气温回暖消融加速，至7月最小。春秋季波动较大但没有明显的增减趋势，夏季积雪面积最小，冬季最大且呈减小趋势。（2）2001—2015年积雪覆盖面积整体上呈减少趋势，积雪覆盖率最大值的波动比最小值的波动更加剧烈。（3）积雪覆盖率随着海拔升高而增大，海拔<1 500 m区域积雪覆盖率低于10%，海拔>4 500 m以上区域平均可达70%，为常年稳定积雪区。积雪覆盖率在西北坡最高，南坡最低。（4）年均气温升高是积雪覆盖面积减小的主因，年积雪覆盖面积变化与年降水量变化保持一致的下降趋势。

关键词: 中国天山, 积雪面积, MODIS10A2, 时空变化, 气候响应

Abstract: Based on MODIS10A2 snow cover data from 2001 to 2015,the MODIS10A2 500 m resolution data were preprocessed through geometric correction and cloud effects elimination.The snow-cover area was extracted using normalized difference snow index ( NDIS) algorithm and the comprehensive threshold discriminator in combination of DEM data and the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the snow cover in the Tianshan Mountains in China were analyzed.The results indicated as follows:(1) During the time period from 2001 to 2015,the snow cover area of Tianshan Mountains showed a decreasing trend and it was decreased by 0.27×10⁴ km² from 2001 to 2015.It showed a single peak distribution during a year with the peak in January and the least in July.The snow cover area in summer is small and its change rate year after year is also small.The snow cover area in winter is the biggest and it shows a downward trend year after year with an average annual decrease rate of 823 km². (2) The maximum and minimum snow cover areas in Tianshan Mountain were calculated systematically.The year with the largest snow cover area was 2003 and the smallest,2007.The maximum snow coverage ratio ranges from 75% to 53% and it happened in December and January timeframe.The minimum ratio ranges from 1% to 4% which occurred in July and October timeframe.The fluctuation on the maximum snow coverage was more intense than that on the minimum. (3) The snow coverage ratio is increased gradually along the altitude with a value less than 10% below 1 500 m and a value of 70% above 4 500 m.The snow coverage ratio was changed with slope.It was higher in northwest,west,north and northeast slopes than in the southwest,south and southeast slopes.It was 25% on the northwest slope,16% on the south slope. (4) In recent years,Tianshan Mountain area has shown a temperature rising trend.The correlation analysis demonstrated that the snow coverage,which is sensitive to climatic factors,and had a significant negative correlation (R=0.77) with the air temperature but was less relevant to the precipitation.Temperature rising is the main cause for the decrease of snow cover area.The annual snow cover area change showed a similar trend to the annual precipitation change,both were on a declining curve.

Key words: Tianshan Mountains in China, snow cover, MODIS10A2, spatiotemporal variation, climatic response

中图分类号:

P426.635

何海迪, 李忠勤, 张明军. 基于MODIS数据中国天山积雪面积时空变化特征分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(2): 367-374.

HE Hai-di, LI Zhong-qin, ZHANG Ming-jun. Spatio-temporal variation analysis of snow cover area of Tianshan Mountains in China using MODIS data[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(2): 367-374.

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