渭干河绿洲不同土地利用类型土壤盐分的变化特征分析

干旱区地理 ›› 2018, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 349-357.

渭干河绿洲不同土地利用类型土壤盐分的变化特征分析

王丹丹^1,2,3, 于志同⁴, 程猛⁵, 赵成义², 丁建丽¹, 张小雷²

1. 新疆大学资源与环境科学学院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830046;
2. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011;
3. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
4. 北京师范大学, 全球变化与地球系统科学研究院, 北京 100875;
5. 新疆新和县农技中心, 新疆新和 842100

收稿日期:2017-11-25 修回日期:2018-02-11 出版日期:2018-03-25
通讯作者: 赵成义(1966-),男,新疆玛纳斯人,研究员,博士,主要从事生态水文学、土壤学和植物生态学.E-mail:zcy@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:王丹丹(1988-),女,山东曹县人,博士研究生,主要从事土壤生态.E-mail:wangdandan210@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（U1403281，41671030，41601107）

Characteristics of soil salinity under different land use types in Weigan River Oasis

WANG Dan-dan^1,2,3, YU Zhi-tong⁴, CHENG Meng⁵, ZHAO Cheng-yi², DING Jian-li¹, ZHANG Xiao-lei²

1. College of Resource and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China;
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
4. College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
5. Agriculture Technology Extension Station of Xinhe County, Xinhe 842100, Xinjiang, China

Received:2017-11-25 Revised:2018-02-11 Online:2018-03-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤盐分的动态分析与监测，是实现盐渍化土地科学管理与利用的必要前提。运用GIS技术，结合地统计学方法，分析了渭干河绿洲土壤盐渍化的分布格局，探讨了不同土地利用类型下土壤盐分的变化规律。结果表明：土壤盐分离子含量随土层深度增加而减少，CO^2-₃和HCO₃^-变化不明显，整个剖面表现为：Na⁺+K⁺>Ca²⁺>Mg²⁺，SO^2-₄>Cl^->HCO₃^->CO^2-₃，具有中-强变异性，除了HCO₃^-、CO^2-₃和Ca²⁺外，其他盐分离子变异系数随深度增加而减小。不同土地利用类型的土壤含盐量具有显著差异垂向分布，耕地、荒地和草地、林地分别呈现为平均型、表聚型和底聚型盐分剖面，且各类型表层土壤（0～40 cm）含盐量依次为荒地（38.42 g·kg^-1）>草地（16.30 g·kg^-1） > 耕地（5.37 g·kg^-1） > 林地（4.62 g·kg^-1）。渭干河绿洲土壤属于重盐土类型，自然因素（蒸降比和地下水波动等）是土壤盐渍化的形成条件，而人为干扰（土地利用方式、灌排、施肥等）则促进了土壤盐渍化的发展。

关键词: 土壤盐分, 空间变异, 盐渍化, 渭干河绿洲

Abstract: Soil salinization is one of the important factors impacting the stability of oasis and sustainable agriculture.The dynamic monitoring and analysis of soil salinity are the prerequisite to manage and utilize the salinized land scientifically.This study aims to investigate the spatial variation and driving mechanism of soil salinization under the action ofclimate change and human activities in the Weigan River Oasis,Xinjiang,China.In October 2012,based on the soil type map and the land use type mapof the Weigan River Oasis,we collected 35 soil profiles covering four land use types (i.e.cultivated land,forest,grassland,and saline-alkali land) using GPS positioning technology.Based on the GIS technology and Geostatistics methods,this study analyzed the distribution of soil salinization and the soil salinity variation under different land use types.The results indicated that the soil salt ion content in general is decreased as the soil gets deeper with CO^2-₃ and HCO₃^- being exceptional and the values of soil salt ions were listed in a descending order as follows:Na⁺+K⁺>Ca²⁺>Mg²⁺,SO^2-₄>Cl^->HCO₃^->CO^2-₃ for all the soil profiles.Generally,the variation coefficient of soil salt ion content was sitting in the range between 25% and 200%,indicating that the soil salinity in the region had a moderate to strong variability.The vertical distributions of soil salinity presented a significant difference for different land use types.For the cultivated land type,its soil salinity was a constant at different depth of the soil.For the grassland and saline-alkali land (wasteland),their soil salinity was accumulated in topsoil while for the forest,the soil salinity was accumulated at the bottom.In addition,the salinities in the surface soil (0-40 cm) for the four typical land use types were listed in an descending order as follows:wasteland (38.42 g·kg^-1)>grassland (16.30 g·kg^-1)>cultivated land (5.37 g·kg^-1)>forest 4.62 (g·kg^-1).Overall,the soil in the Weigan River Oasis is heavily salinized,which was caused by the combination of nature and human factors.On the one hand,the natural factors including the ratio of evaporation to rainfall and groundwater fluctuationare the forming conditions of soil salinization.On the other hand,human disturbances,such as land use,irrigation,and fertilization,aggravate the soil salinization.In order to improve the deteriorating ecological environment and soil salinization to ensure asustainable oasis agriculture,we should strictly control the scale of reclamation,improve the construction of water conservancy,and strengthen water-saving irrigation agriculture in the process of land exploitation and utilization in the Weigan River Oasis.Furthermore,rational exploitation of the groundwater resources in alleviating the shortage of surface water resources is also needed to solve the problem of uncoordinated irrigation and drainage to avoid secondary salinization.

Key words: soil salinity, spatial variability, salinization, Weigan River Oasis

中图分类号:

S159.2

王丹丹, 于志同, 程猛, 赵成义, 丁建丽, 张小雷. 渭干河绿洲不同土地利用类型土壤盐分的变化特征分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(2): 349-357.

WANG Dan-dan, YU Zhi-tong, CHENG Meng, ZHAO Cheng-yi, DING Jian-li, ZHANG Xiao-lei. Characteristics of soil salinity under different land use types in Weigan River Oasis[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(2): 349-357.

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