山西浅层地下水水化学特性时空变化特征分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水体主要元素的时空分布特征可反映水体物理、化学及生物过程，评估水体中的主要离子的浓度及时空变化特征是认识区域水体物质循环及水系统中元素分布的重要依据。通过对2015—2016年山西省不同季节的95个浅层地下水采样数据的检测与比较，综合运用描述性统计、空间插值分析图、Gibbs图和Piper三线图分析等方法，分析研究山西省浅层地下水水化学特征及其影响因素。结果表明：研究区地下水整体属于淡水，水质较好，地下水矿化度呈现显著的空间差异，其中中部、西南部矿化度较高且季节变化显著；东南部及西北部矿化度较低且季节变化不明显。地下水阴离子中HCO₃^-占主要优势，阳离子中Na⁺、Ca²⁺占主要优势，丰水期与枯水期相比，地下水主要离子中Na⁺和Cl^-增加明显，可能受地形和季节性降水的影响。水化学类型复杂多样，主要水化学类型有HCO₃^--Ca²⁺型、HCO₃^--SO^2-₄-Na⁺型、HCO₃^--SO^2-₄-Ca²⁺-Na⁺型和HCO₃^--Cl^--Na⁺型。水体离子的组分变化主要受岩石风化的影响，其中盆地地区受到一定的人为影响和蒸发浓缩影响。不同季节地下水中的离子相对含量变化显著，丰水期与枯水期相比，浅层地下水中的Na⁺和Cl^-增加明显，可能受到不同程度的土壤淋溶作用影响，研究的结果将有助于区域水资源的合理优化配置以及补充区域水化学研究数据的不足。

关键词: 浅层地下水, 水化学类型, 时空分布, 控制因素, 山西省

Abstract: The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the major elements in water body reflects its chemical,physical,and biological processes.The assessment of the concentration of main ions and their spatio-temporal variation can provide important evidence in understanding the elements distribution and the cycle of matter of the water body.In this study,we collected 95 shallow groundwater samples from different regions of Shanxi Province,China during different seasons in 2015 and 2016.According to the results of the average concentrations of major ions and pH value,the hydrochemical characteristic of shallow groundwater were analyzed and the temporal and spatial variation for the concentration of each major ion was revealed using the methods of descriptive statistics,spatial interpolation analysis,Gibbs diagram and Piper diagram.The results indicated that the groundwater as a whole belongs to the fresh water and the water quality was good.A significant spatial variation was found in the TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) of the shallow groundwaters.Higher TDS was observed in the central region and southwestern region of Shanxi Province and it was changed with the season.While in the northwestern and southeastern regions of Shanxi Province,the TDS of shallow groundwaters is relatively lower and its seasonal variation is not obvious.The concentrations of the Na⁺,Ca²⁺ were higher than that of other cations and the HCO₃^- concentration was higher than that of other anions.Compared with the dry season,the concentration of the Na⁺ and Cl^- in the shallow groundwater in the wet season showed a significant increasing trend,which might be affected by topography and seasonal precipitation.There were multiple hydrochemical types observed in the shallow groundwater samples,which can be classified into HCO₃^--Ca²⁺ type,HCO₃^--SO^2-₄-Na⁺ type,HCO₃^--SO^2-₄-Ca²⁺-Na⁺ type and HCO₃^--Cl^--Na⁺ type.Based on the Gibbs analysis,the main ions were mainly affected by rock weathering process.The anthropogenic influence and evaporation effects were observed in the shallow groundwater samples in the central basin area.There was a significant seasonal variation on the ions concentrations.Compared with the dry season,the concentrations of Na⁺ and Cl^- were significantly increased in the wet season which might be affected by the soil eluviation.The knowledge of these can promote effective management of water resources.

Key words: shallow groundwater, hydrochemical type, temporal and spatial variation, controlling factor, Shanxi Province

中图分类号:

P342

孙从建, 陈若霞, 张子宇, 李伟, 陈伟. 山西浅层地下水水化学特性时空变化特征分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(2): 314-324.

SUN Congjian, CHEN Ruoxia, ZHANG Ziyu, LI Wei, CHEN Wei. Temporal and spatial variation of hydrochemical characteristics of shallow groundwater in Shanxi Province[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(2): 314-324.

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