新疆南疆地区太阳能资源时空分布特征及区划研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.06.15

干旱区地理 ›› 2021, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 1665-1675.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.06.15

新疆南疆地区太阳能资源时空分布特征及区划研究

顾玮^1,²(),古丽·加帕尔^1,^3,⁴(),尹瀚民^1,⁴,姜亮亮^1,⁴,藏晓芳^1,⁵

1. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
2. 新疆维吾尔自治区农业资源区划和遥感应用中心,新疆乌鲁木齐 830002
3. 中国科学院中亚生态与环境研究中心, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
4. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049
5. 新疆环境保护科学研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830000

收稿日期:2020-08-28 修回日期:2021-06-18 出版日期:2021-11-25 发布日期:2021-12-03
通讯作者: 古丽·加帕尔
作者简介:顾玮（1998-）,女,本科生,主要从事干旱区生态遥感应用研究. E-mail: 1758715191@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区科技厅重大科技专项(2016A03008-04-03);NJ新增水资源战略研究项目(403-1005-YBN-FT6I-8);中国科学院大学生创新实践训练计划项目资助

Spatial and temporal distribution characteristic and division research of solar energy resources in southern Xinjiang

GU Wei^1,²(),Guli JIAPAER^1,^3,⁴(),YIN Hanmin^1,⁴,JIANG Liangliang^1,⁴,ZANG Xiaofang^1,⁵

1. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
2. Agricultural Resources Regionalization and Remote Sensing Application Center of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China
3. Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
4. University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
5. Xinjiang Academy of Environmental Protection Sciences, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China

Received:2020-08-28 Revised:2021-06-18 Online:2021-11-25 Published:2021-12-03
Contact: JIAPAER Guli

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究基于1980—2015年中国区域高时空分辨率地面气象要素驱动数据集（ITPCAS）和30个气象观测站点逐月日照资料,运用趋势分析、重标极差分析、小波分析及光热资源评价指标评估方法,对1980—2015年新疆南疆地区太阳总辐射时空分布变化规律与太阳能资源做出分析评价;并结合风沙天气频次、人口丰富度、陆路交通可达性等因素构建区域太阳能资源区划分级指标体系,探索南疆地区太阳能资源利用区划。结果表明：新疆南疆地区太阳总辐射有明显的年际变化特征,总体呈现增长趋势,且每10~15 a出现一次波动。太阳能资源南多北少,同纬度相比山区多、平原少;其中,昆仑山系一带太阳能资源最丰富且较稳定。将全区太阳能资源分为3个区：阿克苏、喀什、和田等地区太阳能资源丰富,利用价值较高且沙尘天气相对较少,为Ⅰ级可利用区,是光电与光生物质能综合利用的最佳区域;塔里木盆地及边缘地带,沙尘天气多且陆路交通可达性一般,为Ⅱ级可利用区,可在该区域推广应用农业温室、太阳能采暖等;若羌地区为Ⅲ级可利用区,该区受沙尘天气影响较大且人口、基础交通设施条件较差,可大力推进分布式光伏电站和独立微网建设。

关键词: 太阳能资源, 时空分布特征, 区划研究, 新疆南疆地区

Abstract:

With 2300-3300 h of daylight per year, the percentage of daylight of Xinjiang is 60%-80%, ranking second in China. Its solar energy resources are higher than that of North China and Northeast China at the same latitude and also higher than that of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and South China at low latitude. Among them, southern Xinjiang is particularly rich in light and heat resources. However, solar radiation observation stations are sparse, resulting in the lack of total solar radiation data in Xinjiang. Furthermore, present knowledge of the regional distribution and available areas of solar energy resources is insufficient. The ITPCAS forcing datasets (reanalysis datasets) and monthly solar data of 30 meteorological observation stations were used in this study to analyze and evaluate the spatial and temporal features of total solar radiation and solar energy resources in southern Xinjiang from 1980 to 2015. The regionalization of solar energy resources utilization was further examined. We studied the temporal-spatial distribution of solar radiation using trend, R/S analysis, and wavelet analysis. The finding revealed that the total solar radiation in the southern Xinjiang region fluctuates once every 10-15 years with a clear interannual variation, exhibiting an overall increasing trend. Using the evaluation indexes of photothermal resources to assess the regional solar energy resources and their distribution characteristics, the results indicated that the solar resources in the southern Xinjiang region are more in the south and less in the north. At the same latitude, mountainous areas have more abundant solar energy resources than plains. Among them, the solar energy resources in the Kunlun Mountains region are most abundant and stable. Finally, combined with sand storm frequency, population abundance, and land transportation accessibility to establish an evaluation index system of solar energy resources utilization regionalization, the solar energy resources can be divided into three regions: The Aksu, Kashi, and Hotan Prefecture were identified as grade Ⅰ available areas, characterized by abundant solar energy resources, high utilization, and moderately less dust strom weather, which are the best areas for comprehensive utilization of photoelectric and photobiological energy. Because of the high frequency of sand strom and poor accessibility of land transportation, the Tarim Basin and its marginal areas are identified as grade II available areas, where can be widely applied in an agricultural greenhouse, solar heating, etc. Ruoqiang and other areas are classified as grade III available areas, which are greatly affected by sand and dust weather and have poor conditions for the population and basic transportation facilities. Therefore, the construction of dispersed photovoltaic power stations and independent micronetworks can be highly promoted. These findings reveal that the solar energy resources in southern Xinjiang are extremely abundant, demonstrating a stable growth trend and high utilization value. This research analyzes the temporal-spatial distribution of solar radiation in southern Xinjiang, explains the spatial distribution pattern of solar energy resources, and identifies the solar resource utilization regionalization, which can provide theoretical support for the integration and engineering application of low-cost ecological utilization technology.

Key words: solar energy resources, spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, division research, southern Xinjiang

顾玮,古丽·加帕尔,尹瀚民,姜亮亮,藏晓芳. 新疆南疆地区太阳能资源时空分布特征及区划研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(6): 1665-1675.

GU Wei,Guli JIAPAER,YIN Hanmin,JIANG Liangliang,ZANG Xiaofang. Spatial and temporal distribution characteristic and division research of solar energy resources in southern Xinjiang[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(6): 1665-1675.

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站点	年均太阳总辐射/MJ·m^-2		误差/MJ·m^-2	相对误差/%	相关系数
站点	辐射站	再分析数据集	误差/MJ·m^-2	相对误差/%	相关系数
焉耆	5870.41	5905.69	35.28	0.006	0.963^**
阿克苏	5615.95	5646.37	29.42	0.005	0.882^*
喀什	6089.24	6125.68	36.44	0.006	0.893^*
若羌	5769.71	5786.45	16.74	0.003	0.942^**
和田	5807.70	5837.31	29.61	0.005	0.912^*

变化速率/%·a^-1	Hurst指数	太阳能资源变化趋势
>10.0	>0.5	持续且明显增加
0.9~10.0	>0.5	持续且轻微增加
>0.9	<0.5	反持续且从减少到增加
-0.9~0.9	-	稳定
<-0.9	<0.5	反持续且从增加到减少
-3.0~-0.9	>0.5	持续且轻微减少
<-3.0	>0.5	持续且明显减少

级别	内涵	分级指标
Ⅰ级可利用区	指有良好的太阳能资源禀赋基础,沙尘天气、人口、交通基础设施等影响太阳能资源开发的条件较好,能够使太阳能资源实现规模化开发的地区。	将太阳能资源丰富、稳定、利用价值较高且具有持续增加趋势,沙尘天气较少、人口相对较多且陆路交通可达性良好的可开发区域判别为Ⅰ级可利用区。
Ⅱ级可利用区	指有一定太阳能资源禀赋基础,沙尘天气、人口、交通基础设施等影响太阳能资源开发的条件一般,能够实现大规模农产品生长发育的地区。	将太阳能资源丰富、稳定、利用价值高且具有持续增加趋势,沙尘天气多、人口较少且基础交通设施一般的可开发区域判别为Ⅱ级可利用区。
Ⅲ级可利用区	指有太阳能资源禀赋基础,但地处自然保护区且沙尘天气、人口、交通基础设施等影响太阳能资源开发的条件较差,使太阳能资源实现规模化开发受到较大约束的地区。	剔除Ⅰ级可利用区和Ⅱ级可利用区后,剩余地区判别为Ⅲ级可利用区。

年太阳总辐射/MJ·m^-2	丰富度
<3780	一般
3780~5040	丰富
5040~6300	很丰富
>6300	极丰富

太阳能资源稳定度指标(K)	稳定度
<2	稳定
2~4	较稳定
>4	不稳定

新疆南疆地区太阳能资源时空分布特征及区划研究

Spatial and temporal distribution characteristic and division research of solar energy resources in southern Xinjiang

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各月日照时数大于6 h天数/d	利用期
<240	长
240~280	很长
>280	极长

沙尘天气频次/d	等级
<30	一般
30~45	较高
>45	高

人口密度/人·km^-2	人口丰富度
8~20	稀少
20~100	一般
100~1000	较密集
>1000	密集