地形异质性对天山山区气候的影响分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 地形具有高度的空间异质性，同一区域不同地形对该区的气候变化有着显著的影响，分析研究地形异质性对气候的影响具有十分重要的意义。基于天山山区DEM栅格图像资料和61个气象站点1961-2014年的气温和降水资料，运用空间分析、反距离权重插值法、偏最小二乘法和统计分析等方法，对该区域的地形异质性及其对气候的影响进行了相关研究。结果表明：（1）天山山区整体坡度大，其中中部与西南部的地形异质性指标值较高，其它地区的地形异质性值偏低。（2）从气候的空间分布来看，天山中部的气温较低，降水量丰富，其他区域的气温较高，降水量较少。（3）在地形异质性对气候影响方面，坡度对研究区气候的影响贡献最大，而地表粗糙度对研究区气候的影响最弱。

关键词: 天山山区, 地形异质性, 气温, 降水

Abstract: High spatial heterogeneity exists in topography which has great impact on climate for a certain region. It's vital to study the effect of topographic heterogeneity on climate. Combining the previous single terrain analysis and climate research, this paper obtained the correlation between topographic heterogeneity and climate by analyzing the Tianshan mountainous terrain heterogeneity indices and climatic factors with partial correlation analysis and statistical analysis, and quantitatively researched the effects of topographic heterogeneity on climate. The data used in this paper were DEM raster image data and climate data from sixty-one meteorological stations located in Tianshan mountainous area during 1961-2014. Firstly, topographic heterogeneity and its impact on climate in Tianshan mountainous area were studied using spatial analysis and statistical analysis. Then, Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation was used for obtaining the spatial distribution of climate factor. Above all, the spatial distribution and the impact of topographic heterogeneity indices on the climate were empathetically analyzed using statistical analysis. Key findings of the study include: (1)Tianshan mountainous area had the steep slope. The values of topographic heterogeneity indices in the central and the southwest regions changed largely, and the values in the other regions changed slightly. (2)The low air temperature and rich precipitation were distributed in the central parts of Tianshan mountainous area, and the other regions had high air temperature and less precipitation. (3)The slope was the major impact factor for the climate, and the impacts of the other heterogeneity indices were the least. The study of above research indicates that the topographic heterogeneity has a significant effect on the spatial distribution of climate factors such as air temperature and precipitation and so on. By studying terrain heterogeneous and climate in the particular region, we can determine the climate spatial distribution of the topographic heterogeneity effects in different terrain, and provide relevant theoretical basis on researching the dissimilarity of spatial distribution of climate in different terrain conditions. To have more concrete conclusion, the study is expected to select more terrain heterogeneity indices and climate factors to conduct further and more detailed studies.

Key words: Tianshan mountainous area, topographic heterogeneity, air temperature, precipitation

中图分类号:

P461⁺.3

高瑞睿, 李雪梅, 高培. 地形异质性对天山山区气候的影响分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2017, 40(1): 197-203.

GAO Rui-rui, LI Xue-mei, GAO Pei. Impact of topographic heterogeneity on the climate in Tianshan Mountainous area[J]. , 2017, 40(1): 197-203.

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