浦东地区秋末冬初冷空气风雨对PM2.5质量浓度影响研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用上海浦东地区2007-2014年秋末冬初PM_2.5质量浓度资料和最低气温、降水量、平均气压、最大风速等气象资料，探讨了冷空气风雨对PM_2.5质量浓度的影响，结果表明：浦东地区秋末冬初冷空气过程对PM_2.5质量浓度产生重要影响，冷空气影响前一天PM_2.5质量浓度平均增幅为13.7%，冷空气影响当天PM_2.5质量浓度平均下降7.4%。不同等级冷空气影响前后PM_2.5质量浓度的变化有较大差异，其中强冷空气影响前PM_2.5质量浓度上升幅度最大，影响时下降幅度也最大。弱冷空气影响前后PM_2.5质量浓度变化幅度最小。冷空气通过风雨影响PM_2.5质量浓度，其中风速每增加1 m·s^-1，PM_2.5质量浓度下降7.8 μg·m^-3。降水对PM_2.5质量浓度的影响明显小于风的影响。典型个例分析表明，冷空气影响期间除风速变化是影响PM_2.5质量浓度的主要因子外，24 h变压的峰值及正负值交替的时间与PM_2.5质量浓度的变化存在密切的联系，其对PM_2.5质量浓度的预报具有一定的指示意义。

关键词: 冷空气, 降水, 风速, PM_2.5, 空气质量, 冬季

Abstract: The most pollution time over Pudong region,Shanghai,China is during the transition season in late autumn and early winter. It is known that air pollution is not only closely related to the emission,but also the meteorological conditions. Based on the hourly mass concentration of PM_2.5,minimum temperature,precipitation,average air pressure,and maximum wind speed data during 2007-2014 in late autumn and early winter,the variation characteristics of PM_2.5 before and after different intensity cold air processes,and the impacts of precipitation and wind on PM_2.5 were discussed statistically by the correlation analysis and percentile method. Results show that mass concentration of PM_2.5 over Pudong region was much higher in late autumn and early winter with a mean annual concentration of 55.9 μg·m^-3,and the pollution days accounted for 23.4% of the total days. The cold air had great influences on PM_2.5 concentration,which caused the PM_2.5 concentration increased obviously in the day before cold air with a mean value of 13.7%,declined during the day of cold air with a mean value of 7.4%, and then increased again in the next two days. In addition,different intensity of cold air had different effects on PM_2.5 concentration. The stronger the cold air was,the more obviously the PM_2.5 concentration changed. Cold air impacted PM_2.5 concentration through the wind and precipitation,and there existed close correlation between wind speed and PM_2.5 concentration;the PM_2.5 mass concentration decreased 7.8 μg·m^-3 as the wind speed increased 1 m·s^-1. Precipitation had less clearance effect on PM_2.5 compared with the wind speed caused by cold air, since the precipitation was very less in this season. Typical case suggested that PM_2.5 was also closely related with the peak value of 24 h changed pressure and its alternating time of positive and negative value. Results in this paper are important for PM_2.5 concentration forecasting and meteorological disaster prevention and control in late autumn and early winter. But it still needs further discussion since the PM_2.5 concentration could also be influenced by the emission and transportation of regional pollution.

Key words: cold air, precipitation, wind speed, PM_2.5, air quality, winter

中图分类号:

周伟东, 甄新蓉, 顾松强, 张丽亚. 浦东地区秋末冬初冷空气风雨对PM_2.5质量浓度影响研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(5): 1089-1095.

ZHOU Wei-dong, ZHEN Xin-rong, GU Song-qiang, ZHANG Li-ya. Late autumn and early winter cold air effects on PM_2.5 mass concentration over Pudong,Shanghai[J]. , 2016, 39(5): 1089-1095.

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