渭河陕西段径流量对经济用水的响应

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着社会的发展, 区域经济用水对河流径流量的影响日益显著, 厘清河流径流对经济用水的响应机制, 将为区域水资源可持续利用及科学管理提供依据. 以渭河陕西段关中地区经济用水、径流量以及相关数据为基础, 采用年际变差系数法、累计距平法和Mann-Kendall 趋势检验法对经济用水量和径流量的变化趋势进行分析, 利用相关分析法和回归分析法研究流域内径流量对经济用水的响应, 探讨农业用水、工业用水及生活用水对径流量的影响程度. 结果表明: 1997-2013年渭河流域经济用水量总体呈上升趋势但增幅不大, 其中, 农业用水所占比重最大; 渭河陕西段径流量1960-2013年有显著减小的趋势, 变化率为-0.8m³·s^-1; 渭河径流量对关中地区经济用水量有较强的响应, 3种用水中径流量对农业用水响应程度最大, 表现为径流量随着农业用水量的增加而减少, 径流量变幅约是农业用水变幅的11.6倍, 并且这种趋势越来越显著, 尤其在枯水季节, 农业用水量的增加会加速渭河径流量的枯竭, 而工业用水量和生活用水量对径流量的影响较小, 这表明大力推进节水农业是缓解水资源供需情况日趋紧张的有效途径.

关键词: 径流量, 经济用水, 响应, 渭河

Abstract: With social and economic development, three types of water use(industrial water use, agricultural water use and domestic water use)increased significantly year by year, which aggravated seriously the impact on runoff. Therefore, research on the response of river runoff to economic water use is of great scientific significance for sustainable utilization and management of regional water resources. Due to restricted environmental conditions, few studies have been done on the impact of economic water use on runoff in the Weihe River Basin. In this paper, the change trends of economic water consumption and runoff in Guanzhong in Weihe River Basin were first analyzed by using inter-annual variation coefficient, cumulative anomaly and Mann-Kendall trend test. Then, the correlation analysis and regression analysis were adopted to estimate the response of runoff to economic water consumption in the basin and analyze individually the influence of different types of water use on runoff. Results show as follows: (1)On the whole, economic water consumption in the Weihe River Basin presented an increasing trend from 1997 to 2013 with a moderate growth rate. Agricultural water use accounted for a large proportion of total water use, which was even more than 60% per year.(2)The annual runoff decreased significantly in the Weihe River during 1960-2013, with a decrease rate of -0.8m³·s^-1.(3)The runoff had a strong response to economic water use in Guanzhong in Weihe River Basin. The industrial water use and domestic water use had smaller correlations with the runoff because above 90% of industrial and domestic water use came from groundwater. However, the influence of agricultural water on runoff was very significant, showing that the runoff decreased with the agricultural water use increasing. By quantitatively evaluating the individual impact of agricultural water, industrial water and domestic water consumption on river runoff, this paper provided a sound explanation for the response of runoff to economic water use, which plays an important guiding role for the future protection of water resources in this basin. In order to release the pressure on water resources and promote the healthy development of ecosystem, it would be very effective to strengthen the capacity of water management, enhance the intensity of water-saving agriculture and improve the water use efficiency.

Key words: runoff, economic water consumption, response, theWeihe River

中图分类号:

P333.1

李晓娟, 张军龙, 宋进喜, 杨小刚. 渭河陕西段径流量对经济用水的响应[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(2): 265-274.

LI Xiao-juan, ZHANG Jun-long, SONG Jin-xi, YANG Xiao-gang. Response of runoff to economic water consumptions of the Weihe River in Shaanxi Province[J]. , 2016, 39(2): 265-274.

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