新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州生态敏感性分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生态环境敏感性分析对于生态环境功能得到保护和恢复,资源得到高效利用,生态安全得到保障,区域可持续发展能力得到增强具有重要作用。本文根据巴音郭楞蒙古自治州自然地理特征,采用GIS分析和专家集成方法,分别进行了巴州土壤侵蚀敏感性、土地沙漠化敏感性、土壤盐渍化敏感性和生物多样性及生境敏感性评价,最后展开生态环境敏感性综合研究。结果表明:巴州生态环境敏感性共分为极敏感、高度敏感、敏感、轻度敏感以及不敏感5个等级。生态环境极敏感区面积为2.7×10⁴ km²,占全州面积5.7%;高度敏感区为12.7×10⁴ km²,占26.4%;敏感区面积为14.8×10⁴ km²,占30.8%;轻度敏感地区为7.9×10⁴ km²,占16.4%;不敏感区面积为10.0×10⁴ km²,占20.7%。

关键词: 环境保护, 生物多样性, 敏感性

Abstract: In this paper,according to the characters of natural geography of Bayingolin Autonomous Prefecture of Mongolia,GIS analysis and expert integration method were used to evaluate soil salinization sensitivity,land desertification sensitivity,soil erosion sensitivity and biodiversity and habitat sensitivity evaluation,respectively. Evaluation of soil erosion sensitivity mainly considered the precipitation,relief amplitude,soil texture and vegetation factors;Desertification sensitivity evaluation mainly takes into consideration the wetness index,wind velocity, soil texture and vegetation coverage factors;Soil salinization sensitivity evaluation mainly takes into consideration the ground water level,evaporation/rainfall,groundwater salinity and landform;Biodiversity and habitat sensitivity evaluation mainly considered land use status and the number of national and provincial nature reserve. At last,a comprehensive evaluation on the ecological environment sensitivity was studied. The data used in this paper includes:(1)land use types of the study area from Xinjiang environmental monitoring station(1:10000); (2)soil type map provided by China environmental monitoring station(1:1000000);(3)1:250000 topographic data of the study area provided by the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Bureau of Surveying and Mapping; (4)the study area precipitation data from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Meteorological Bureau;(5)Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region statistical yearbook 2014;(6)1:1000000 topography data provided by Institute of Geographic Sciences;(7)land desertification data of the study area provided by Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region forestry department. The results showed that the ecological environment sensitivity of Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture was divided into five grades:extremely sensitive,highly sensitive,sensitive, light sensitive and insensitive. The extremely sensitive area accounting for 5.7% of the whole state,covering an area of 27459.18 km²;The highly sensitive area accounted for 26.4%,127179.36 km²;The moderate sensitive area accounted for 30.8%,covering an area of 148375.92 km²;The light sensitive area accounted for 16.4%, 79005.36 km²,and insensitive area accounted for 20.7%,covering an area of 99720.18 km². It is recommended to draw out a range of river water source protection zone for ecological restoration,and ban all land clearing and large construction projects. The implementation of the water conveyance project of Tarim River has partly solved the problem of river long cutoff,but a green belt should be designed on both sides of the river to restore water ecological function of rivers at the same time. Tarim Basin is the main farmland area of Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture but river water ecosystem is not optimistic,and is facing land desertification hazard. The ecological problem brought by the industrial policy,population,and rapid development of economy is inevitable; therefore,we should fully pay more attention to ecological construction while developing economy.

Key words: environment protection, biodiversity, sensibility

中图分类号:

Q146

闫虎, 王玉杰, 张会兰. 新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州生态敏感性分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2015, 38(6): 1226-1233.

YAN Hu, WANG Yu-jie, ZHANG Hui-lan. Ecological sensitivity of Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang[J]. , 2015, 38(6): 1226-1233.

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