收藏设为首页 广告服务联系我们在线留言

干旱区地理 ›› 2013, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 1041-1048.

• 气候与水文 • 上一篇    下一篇

古尔班通古特沙漠春季土壤含水量空间格局

秦艳芳1,2,陈曦1,周可法1,3,孙莉1,张捷斌1,Patrick Klenk4   

  1. (1    中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 新疆    乌鲁木齐    830011;    2    中国科学院研究生院, 北京    100049;3    中国科学院新疆矿产资源研究中心, 新疆    乌鲁木齐    830011;    4    Institute of Environmental Physics,Heidelberg University, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany)
  • 收稿日期:2013-01-28 修回日期:2013-03-07 出版日期:2013-11-25
  • 作者简介:秦艳芳(1984-),女,河南新乡人,理学博士,主要从事遥感与地理信息系统、干旱区土壤水分、生态系统服务等方面的研究. Email:yanfqin@live.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(41101429,41271437);新疆自治区科技支疆项目(201091147)

Spatial pattern of soil water content in spring of the Gurbantunggut Desert

QIN  Yan-fang1,2,CHEN  Xi1,ZHOU  Ke-fa1,3,SUN  Li1,ZHANG  Jie-bin1,Patrick  KLENK4   

  1. (1    XIEG, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi  830011, Xinjiang, China;   2   UCAS, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;   3   XRCMR, Xinjiang Research Center for Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi  830011, Xinjiang, China;   4   IUP, Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany)
  • Received:2013-01-28 Revised:2013-03-07 Online:2013-11-25

摘要: 春季积雪融水是古尔班通古特沙漠土壤水分的重要补给源之一,为早春植物的萌发和生长创造了有利的条件。为掌握该地区春季沙丘的土壤水分分布状况,采用探地雷达测量技术,于2010年4月进行了多次野外测量,并通过对地面直达波信号的提取和分析,初步获得了一致的测量结果。结果表明:(1)探地雷达地面直达波测量的土壤平均含水量与20 cm深同步TDR的测量结果非常接近,两者总体相差在0.02  cm3/cm3以内,充分反映了GPR地面直达波测量结果的有效性和精确性;(2)春季积雪完全融化后,沙丘/沙垄顶部土壤水分明显低于垄间低地,这与前人的研究一致,反映了积雪和冻土层在消融过程中,沙丘表面融水在坡面重力作用下,沿难以透水的冻土层上界自坡上向坡下迁移,形成了垄间最高、坡部次之和垄顶最少的分布格局;(3)垄间低地的土壤水分明显受到低矮灌草丛的影响进行再分布,这是由于积雪最初沿植丛基部开始消融,并以植丛为中心形成漏斗状融洞,从而形成以植丛为中心汇集较多融雪水的格局,而垄间低地中较为高大的梭梭乔木对融雪水的再分布影响明显不如低矮的灌草丛,这与其地表茎基过少有关。此外,探地雷达测量实验提供了详实可靠的表层土壤含水量分布信息,可为荒漠生态系统的空间尺度研究提供真实可靠的数据基础。

关键词: 土壤水分, 积雪融水再分布, 探地雷达, 地面直达波, 古尔班通古特沙漠

Abstract: Rapid acquirement of soil moisture changes of the desert in early spring is of great significance to monitor the germination and growth condition of plants. To measure the soil water distribution of sand dunes,ground-penetrating radar (GPR) was used to carry out a number of field measurements in at south edge of the Gurbantunggut Desert,Xinjiang,China April 2010,obtaining initially consistent results through extracting and analyzing the direct ground wave signals. Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements were also aggregated to support GPR results. It is showed that the soil water content derived from GPR direct ground wave was very close to the TDR results at a 20 cm depth,with the overall difference approximate to 0.02 cm3/cm3 or less,fully reflecting the effectiveness and accuracy of the GPR ground direct wave measurements. Additionally,The GPR derived surface soil water content indicated redistribution rules of snowmelt water in early spring. In larger scale snowmelt water immigrated from dune tops to interdune lowlands along the impermeable interface of the upper boundary of frozen soil,forming a distribution pattern of soil water content as lowest in dune tops,highest in interdune bottoms and intermediate on slopes;while in interdune lowlands at a small scale,the surface soil water content had been redistributed under the influence of low shrubs and grasses,as the snow and frozen soil around plant stems first melt,which formed such stem-centered funnel holes and collected more melt water,and the taller [Haloxylon] trees with relevantly fewer stems contributed less to the redistribution of surface moisture. In conclusion,the GPR methods can rapidly obtain an accurate,continuous,detailed information about soil water distribution and provide an important data base to research soil hydrological processes and the influencing factors in intermediate scales.

Key words: soil water content, redistribution of melt water, ground-penetrating radar, direct ground wave, the Gurbantunggut Desert

中图分类号: 

  • S152.7