古尔班通古特沙漠南缘沉积记录的全新世环境演变

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.596

干旱区地理 ›› 2023, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10): 1663-1679.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.596

古尔班通古特沙漠南缘沉积记录的全新世环境演变

马运强^1,²(),刘瑞^1,²,李志忠^1,^2,³(),靳建辉^1,^2,³,邹晓君^1,²,谭典佳^1,²,陶通炼^1,²

1.福建师范大学地理科学学院，福建福州 350117
2.福建师范大学湿润亚热带山地生态国家重点实验室培育基地，福建福州 350117
3.福建师范大学地理研究所，福建福州 350117

收稿日期:2022-11-12 修回日期:2022-12-07 出版日期:2023-10-25 发布日期:2023-11-10
通讯作者: 李志忠（1962-），男，教授，博士生导师，主要从事风沙地貌与环境演变研究. E-mail: lizz@fjnu.edu.cn
作者简介:马运强（1998-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事风沙地貌与环境演变研究. E-mail: 441709021@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42071011);福建师范大学研究生科研创新基金项目资助

Holocene environmental evolution recorded by sedimentation on the southern edge of the Gurbantunggut Desert

MA Yunqiang^1,²(),LIU Rui^1,²,LI Zhizhong^1,^2,³(),JIN Jianhui^1,^2,³,ZOU Xiaojun^1,²,TAN Dianjia^1,²,TAO Tonglian^1,²

1. College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China
3. Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China

Received:2022-11-12 Revised:2022-12-07 Online:2023-10-25 Published:2023-11-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

古尔班通古特沙漠南缘处在风、水两相营力作用的交汇区域，沉积环境独特，对气候变化响应敏感，是研究中国西北沙区全新世环境演变的理想区域。选取古尔班通古特沙漠南缘荒漠-绿洲过渡带3个风积-冲积交互地层剖面，在实地观察岩性特征、沉积序列的基础上，通过光释光（OSL）测年建立年代标尺，结合粒度参数、磁化率和石英颗粒表面微形态特征的对比分析，综合判别研究区全新世以来的沉积环境演化过程。结果表明：研究区地层序列主要反映了河流过程和风沙过程的消长，并且表现出同期异相特征。约11.8~10.2 ka，天山北麓冲积作用活跃，辫状河深入沙漠，局部发育河流沉积；约10.2~6.0 ka，研究区进入全新世适宜期，沙漠北退，河湖、湿地广泛发育；约6 ka至今，研究区冲积作用减弱，风沙活动频繁，沙漠环境与河流环境交替出现。近千年以来，研究区沉积环境表现出风沙活动增强、河流冲积萎缩的特点，古尔班通古特沙漠总体上有南侵扩张趋势。本区全新世湿润环境的出现主要受制于西风环流的强弱变化和位置变动，此外，北半球夏季太阳辐射与天山冰川的耦合作用及北大西洋冷事件引发的气候波动可能也是影响本区全新世沉积环境变迁的重要因素。

关键词: 全新世, 沉积环境变迁, 气候演化, 风-水两相沉积, 古尔班通古特沙漠

Abstract:

The southern margin of the Gurbantunggut Desert is located in the intersection area of wind-water forces with a unique sedimentary environment and sensitive response to climatic change. This makes the area ideal to study the Holocene environmental evolution of the northwest desert of China.Three aeolian-alluvial interactive stratigraphic profiles in the desert-oasis transitional zone of the southern margin of the Gurbantunggut Desert were selected. Based on field observation of the lithological characteristics and sedimentary sequences, the age scale was established using optically stimulated luminescence dating. Herein, combined with the comparative analysis of particle size parameters, magnetic parameters, and surface micromorphology characteristics of quartz particles, the sedimentary environmental evolution process since the Holocene in the study area was comprehensively discriminated. The result showed that the stratigraphic sequences in the study area mainly reflect the prevalence and recession of river and wind-sand processes, exhibiting obvious characteristics of contemporaneous heterogeneity. Moreover, alluvial deposits were dominant in the northern piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains from 11.8 ka to 10.2 ka, and braided rivers penetrated the desert with local fluvial deposits. From 10.2 ka to 6.0 ka, the study area entered into the Holocene optimum, and the desert retreated northward with widespread lakes and wetlands. Furthermore, the study area has experienced weak alluvial deposits and frequent wind-sand activities from 6 ka to the present, and the desert environment alternated with the river environment. In the past millennium, the sedimentary environment of the study area has exhibited the characteristics of increased wind-sand activity and river alluvial atrophy, along with the Gurbantunggut Desert showing an overall trend of southward invasion and expansion. The change of strength and position of westerly circulation mainly controlled the emergence of the Holocene humid environment in the study area. Additionally, the coupling between the Northern Hemisphere summer insolation and the Tianshan Glacier and the climatic fluctuation caused by the Northern Atlantic ice-rafted debris event were crucial factors affecting the sedimentary environment of the study area in the Holocene.

Key words: Holocene, sedimentary environment change, climatic evolution, aeolian-alluvial alternative deposition, Gurbantunggut Desert

马运强, 刘瑞, 李志忠, 靳建辉, 邹晓君, 谭典佳, 陶通炼. 古尔班通古特沙漠南缘沉积记录的全新世环境演变[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(10): 1663-1679.

MA Yunqiang, LIU Rui, LI Zhizhong, JIN Jianhui, ZOU Xiaojun, TAN Dianjia, TAO Tonglian. Holocene environmental evolution recorded by sedimentation on the southern edge of the Gurbantunggut Desert[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(10): 1663-1679.

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样号	埋深/m	铀（U）/μg·g^-1	钍（Th）/μg·g^-1	钾（K）/μg·g^-1	含水率/%	环境剂量率/Gy·ka^-1	等效剂量/Gy	年龄/ka
XMOSL1	2.75	1.44±0.05	5.47±0.05	2.08±0.01	5±1	2.78±0.04	12.95±4.17	4.66±1.50
XMOSL2	3.00	1.37±0.05	4.74±0.05	2.06±0.01	5±1	2.71±0.04	13.04±3.19	4.82±1.18
XMOSL3	3.50	1.43±0.05	4.98±0.05	2.09±0.01	5±1	2.77±0.04	13.81±1.30	4.99±0.47
MGOSL1	0.55	3.57±0.04	12.3±0.15	2.45±0.02	5±5	5.04±0.37	8.74±0.40	1.73±0.15
MGOSL2	1.55	2.54±0.05	9.52±0.09	2.07±0.02	5±5	3.34±0.14	8.15±0.18	2.44±0.12
MGOSL3	2.50	2.27±0.04	7.78±0.15	2.06±0.02	5±5	3.72±0.28	9.06±0.39	2.43±0.21
MGOSL4	2.75	2.57±0.04	8.50±0.16	2.05±0.02	5±5	3.88±0.29	9.33±0.20	2.41±0.19
MGOSL5	3.10	3.52±0.10	11.6±0.30	2.24±0.01	5±5	4.69±0.35	10.53±0.85	2.25±0.25
XQOSL1	0.66	1.51±0.01	7.78±0.10	1.91±0.02	5±5	2.87±0.12	11.48±0.76	4.01±0.31
XQOSL2	1.26	1.24±0.01	5.25±0.09	2.01±0.01	5±5	2.72±0.11	15.65±1.06	5.76±0.46
XQOSL3	3.25	1.02±0.01	3.51±0.02	1.63±0.02	5±5	2.14±0.09	23.08±0.80	10.79±0.59
XQOSL4	4.05	0.94±0.01	3.02±0.03	1.75±0.01	5±5	2.19±0.09	24.32±1.27	11.11±0.75

类型	沉积构造	粒度	磁化率	石英砂形态及表面结构
沙丘沉积	交错层理	以细沙、极细沙为主；负偏尖峰；分选良好	较高	近圆状；麻坑、碟形坑、溶蚀坑及硅沉淀
沙席沉积	水平层理	以极细沙为主，细沙次之；正态尖峰；分选良好	较高	近圆状；麻坑、碟形坑；硅沉淀及裂纹
静水沉积	块状构造，不显层理	黏土、粉沙含量高；正偏宽峰；分选差	低	棱角状；流水磨光面；三角坑；硅质鳞片及硅质球
漫洪沉积	块状构造	粉沙含量高，黏土次之；峰态宽平；分选较差	低	次棱角状；V形坑、挤压坑；贝壳状断口；硅沉淀
河漫滩沉积	波状层理，夹黏土球、黏土碎块	以粉沙为主；负偏宽峰；分选较差	较低	-
漫滩湿地沉积	根孔锈斑，水下沙波纹	以粉沙为主；正态宽峰；分选中等	低	-
河床沉积	槽状交错层理	中沙含量高，细沙次之；正偏尖峰；分选较好	高	次圆状；V形坑、圆形坑；贝壳状断口

古尔班通古特沙漠南缘沉积记录的全新世环境演变

Holocene environmental evolution recorded by sedimentation on the southern edge of the Gurbantunggut Desert

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