关键词: 托木尔, 世界自然遗产地, 生态脆弱性, 空间分异, 功能区划

Abstract: The Tomur region is a typical model for the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang. A cluster of high peaks makes it one of the nominated areas for world natural heritage in the Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang. The staggered huge mountains and basins and exogenic force decide the vertical distribution of the mountain natural elements in the study area. The impact of human activities gradually increase on the regional landscape and ecological environment in recent years. Natural heritages are especially important to the protection of biodiversity，dealing with  ecological balance and harmonious development of human and environment. As a site of natural heritage，Tomur is with high eco-environment vulnerability. In the long run，the region should be strictly protected. It is significant for Tomur region how to deal with the economic development and environmental protection. Natural elements together with anthropogenic activities, this paper reflects the degree of change for various landscape types’ natural properties under the influence of landscape pattern. This article not only discussed the vulnerability and strategy of eco-environment in Tomur region，but also found the spatial characteristics of eco-environment vulnerability in the mountain natural heritage. Based on the interpretation of grid with GIS and considered the local condition，ten types of the landscape were classified in the study area. There are glacier land，barren land，unused land，construction land，forest land，water area，farmland，low coverage grassland，middle coverage grassland and high coverage grassland.Choosing isolation （FI），reciprocal of fractal dimension （FD），fragmentation （FN），vegetation coverage index （VC），soil erosion index （SE） as the evaluation factors,  the eco-environment vulnerability model was constructed for evaluating and analyzing the vulnerability of landscape types and the regional eco-environment vulnerability degree. Semi-variogram analysis and ordinary Kriging interpolation were conducted to get the spatial distribution map of regional eco-environment vulnerability. According to the results，the Tomur region was divided into different protected areas for taking appropriate protection measures. The results show that：（1）Combined with slope map，the data of DEM，the information of field trips and historical data, the study area is divided into serially typical terrains．There are glacier and periglacial area of the high and extremely high mountains，medium-mountain area on the south and north parts，red bed topography area and low-mountain area on the south and north patrs. （2）Compared to all of the landscape types，FI of construction land，FD of barren land，FN and vulnerability of landscape types （VI） for low coverage grassland is the highest．The value of FD ,VC and SE is the main factors for VI，but for the low coverage grassland the value of FN is pacing factor. （3）The regional eco-environment vulnerability （EVI） of Tomur region has strong spatial autocorrelation，which is impacted by natural factors (soil，topography，vegetation) and human factors （human interference）. （4）The index of EVI is characterized as a spatial trend which is low in the north part and  high in the south patr. Natural factors are the dominant interference for the higher vulnerability region （7-9），both human activities and natural factors have great effect to the fragile region （4-6），for the low vulnerability region （1-3） the main factors of the fragile ecological environment is human activities. （5）Combined with the region of EVI，local natural features，and social and economic development，the study area can be classified into protected areaⅠ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ，Ⅳ. Finally，for different types of protected areas，the local government can implement differential protected policies．

Key words: Tomur, world natural heritages site, eco-environment vulnerability, spatial variation, functional regions