生态工程背景下我国荒漠草原防风固沙功能研究综述

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.534

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

荒漠草原是我国北方防沙带的重要组成部分，在持续推进生态保护与治理修复工程的背景下，阐明植物性状特征与防风固沙功能的内在关系成为精准施策的关键。该文系统梳理了我国荒漠草原植被治理恢复与防风固沙功能评估的研究成果，明确生态治理工程背景下植被结构与生态功能整体修复的新要求，重点围绕荒漠草原区防风固沙功能，比较分析了不同监测评估方法的优势与不足，并在深入探讨植物功能性状对防风固沙功能作用机制的基础上，提出了适用于生态治理工程区的防风固沙功能模型改进方向，从而为我国荒漠草原重大生态工程建设以及防沙治沙工作推进提供决策参考。

关键词: 生态修复, 防风固沙, 功能性状, 荒漠草原

Abstract:

Desert grasslands are an important part of China’s northern sand control belt and provide a vital sand-fixation function. As key ecological protection and restoration projects advance, it is vital to elucidate the intrinsic relationship between plant traits and sand fixation functions for implementing precise measures. This paper summarizes the achievements in vegetation restoration research and sand fixation functional assessment across China’s desert grasslands, as well as the requirements for restoring vegetation structure and ecological function within the study region. Focusing on sand fixation in desert grasslands, this paper compares the applicability of varied assessment methods and indicates their ineffectiveness in revealing the impacts of the vegetative community on sand fixation. Based on the mechanisms by which sand fixation functions affect plant traits, the paper proposes directions for functionally improving sand fixation assessment models applicable to areas under ecological restoration projects, thereby providing a reference for decision-making in such major ecological and sand control efforts across China’s desert grasslands.

Key words: ecological restoration, sand fixation, functional traits, desert grassland

张彪, 朱佳顺, 贺晓慧, 徐洁, 刘宏宇, 孙海莲. 生态工程背景下我国荒漠草原防风固沙功能研究综述[J]. 干旱区地理, 2026, 49(8): 1653-1662.

ZHANG Biao, ZHU Jiashun, HE Xiaohui, XU Jie, LIU Hongyu, SUN Hailian. Review of research on sand fixation function of desert grasslands in China under the context of ecological engineering[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(8): 1653-1662.

图/表 3

表1

常用风蚀预测模型及其适用条件"

模型名称	适用情形	优点	局限性
风蚀方程（WEQ）^[40]	可应用于农田尺度年平均土壤流失预测，适用于长期风蚀风险评估和规划	基于图表查找易于应用，是广泛使用的经验模型	仅适用特定区域（如美国中部大平原），空间尺度单一，对极端天气预测不准确，部分输入数据获取困难
修正风蚀方程（RWEQ）^[41]	综合考量风速、降水、植被等关键变量，已广泛应用于中国北方旱区研究	纳入过程因素影响（如气候因子动态），可实现日尺度侵蚀预测，输入数据易获得	部分依赖经验关系，悬浮损失估计不足，部分参数需校准（如土壤结皮因子）或野外实测验证，在非沙质土壤或高植被覆盖下表现较差
风蚀预报系统（WEPS）^[42]	适用于田地至区域、日至亚小时等多时空尺度预测，可计算盐蚀+蠕移、悬浮和PM₁₀排放等	过程模块化设计（水文、土壤、管理等子模型），可输出多组分损失（按方向和粒径）	对输入数据要求高（如天气生成器），在丘陵地形方面处理有限，可能低估小风暴事件或空间变异性，运行计算负担大
德克萨斯侵蚀分析（TEAM）^[43]	适用不同类型土地（如农田或污染场地）单事件风蚀预测，可评估粉尘排放和能见度	整合风蚀和水蚀过程，可输出包括水平通量和粉尘浓度垂直分布	对土壤可蚀性动态变化（如冻融）处理不足，在非均匀表面验证有限，限制性应用
风蚀随机仿真（WESS）^[44]	指定田块内多点距离（DPS）侵蚀量，可应用于单次风蚀事件预测，集成于EPIC政策评估模型	综合考虑土壤质地、含水量、作物残留等参数，可精准预测中等侵蚀事件，属于基于物理过程的机理模型	容易系统性低估大侵蚀事件而高估小侵蚀事件，在近保护表面（DPS<60 m）预测失效时，需人工校准静态风速扰动因子
单一事件风蚀评估模型（SWEEP）^[45]	可实现单事件（≤24 h）特定表面条件下（如扰动场地或施工区）的风蚀预测，适用于实时控制措施评估	基于WEPS侵蚀子模型，用户界面友好，可详细输出盐蚀、悬浮颗粒和PM₁₀等结果	依赖于用户指定的表面参数（如湿度、粗糙度），可能低估低风速事件的影响，且未考虑长期气候影响

表1

图1

表2

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修正因子	修正方法	应用地区
土壤湿度因子	MODIS蒸散比值法、遥感湿度指数、可见光-短波红外干旱指数、SMAP土壤湿度比值法等	辽宁西北部^[17]
风力因子	利用幂函数方程区分迎风坡和背风坡修正	张家口^[78]
	不同时段风速数据转换方法	北方农牧交错带^[79]
	二参数韦伯分布函数、日均风速、日最大风速拟合风速	中国北方地区^[80]
地表粗糙度	利用NDVI和建筑物轮廓区分自然景观和城市景观下垫面修正	张家口^[78]
土壤质地因子	利用对数正态分布模型改进土壤质地参数	内蒙古、吉林、陕西等^[48]
土壤质地因子	利用分形模型转换不同土粒分级标准间土壤质地资料	北方农牧交错带^[79]