环境规制能否促进黄河流域要素效能发挥?

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.169

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展已上升为国家战略。作为经济高质量发展的微观基础，在环境约束下要素效能充分发挥就显得至关重要。根据马克思主义政治经济学，要素效能由要素质量与要素效率有机构成，前者是要素效能发挥的必然前提，后者是要素效能发挥的内在要求。基于环境规制影响要素质量与要素效率的作用机理，采用面板固定效应模型与中介效应模型实证分析了2008—2019年黄河流域环境规制对要素效能发挥的影响。结果表明：（1）环境规制通过人口集聚实现要素质量升级，通过产业结构优化促进要素效率提高，并在二者的共同作用下促进要素效能发挥。（2）环境规制与要素质量升级、要素效率提高、要素效能发挥均呈现先抑制后促进的“U型”关系。（3）环境规制对要素效能发挥的促进作用存在经济发展水平与城市规模异质性。在经济发展水平高的地区，环境规制显著促进要素效能发挥;经济发展水平较低或城市规模较小的地区，环境规制先抑制后促进要素效能发挥，二者呈“U”型关系;在城市规模较大的地区，二者关系不显著。研究结果为黄河流域从微观要素层面促进经济高质量发展指明方向，对落实黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展战略具有积极意义。

关键词: 环境规制, 要素效能, 要素质量, 要素效率, 黄河流域

Abstract:

Because ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin in China have been elevated as national strategies, it is critical to fully explore factor performance, the microeconomic foundation of high-quality economic development, despite the constraints of the environment. According to Marxist political economics, factor performance consists of factor quality and efficiency. The former one, which stands for the production capacity of factors, is the indispensable premise to fully effect factor performance, whereas the latter one is an inherent requirement to fulfill it. Factor quality and efficiency are integrated into a unified analytical framework to construct an indicator, factor performance. Based on the interactive mechanism between the influences of environmental regulation on upgrading factor quality and on improving factor efficiency, this research empirically analyzed the impact of environmental regulation on factor performance in the Yellow River Basin from 2008 to 2019 using the fixed effect model and mediation model. The results are as follows: (1) Environmental regulation upgrades factor quality through population agglomeration, improves factor efficiency through industrial structure optimization, and thus, promotes factor performance with the joint efforts of the improved factor quality and efficiency. (2) The graphical relationships between environmental regulation and factor quality, efficiency, and performance are U-shaped. (3) The influence of environmental regulation on factor performance varies significantly because of different city scales and economic development levels. Therefore, in areas with high-level economic development, environmental regulation promotes factor performance significantly; in areas with low-level economic development or small urban scale, environmental regulation first inhibits and then boosts factor performance, presenting a U-shaped relationship; notably, in large-scale cities, the relationship between environmental regulation and factor performance is not distinctive. Reasonable standards and intensity of environmental regulation should be determined, and differentiated environmental regulation policies should be formulated according to local conditions so that ecological protection and high-quality economic development in the Yellow River Basin can be achieved.

Key words: environmental regulation, factor performance, factor quality, factor efficiency, Yellow River Basin

生延超, 徐珊, 周垚. 环境规制能否促进黄河流域要素效能发挥?[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(1): 139-148.

SHENG Yanchao, XU Shan, ZHOU Yao. Can environmental regulation promote the performance of factors in the Yellow River Basin?[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(1): 139-148.

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一级指标	二级指标	权重	均值	标准差
要素效能	要素效率要素质量	0.1278 0.8752	0.1087	0.1123
要素效率	实际GDP/就业人数/10⁴元·人^-1 实际GDP/固定资产投资额全要素生产率	0.1484 0.2009 0.6507	0.2180	0.0743
要素质量	规模以上工业企业固定资产投资比重高校在校生人数占地区总人口比重绿色专利数/个	0.3755 0.1358 0.4887	0.0735	0.0934
环境规制	单位产值工业废水排放量/10⁴t·(10⁸元)^-1 单位产值工业二氧化硫排放量/t·(10⁸元)^-1 单位产值工业烟（粉）尘排放量/t·(10⁸元)^-1	0.2527 0.4866 0.2607	0.7924	0.0719
经济发展水平	人均实际GDP/元	1.0000	45512.4788	36714.3541
对外开放水平	进出口总额占GDP比重	1.0000	0.1101	0.1914
市场化水平	非国有单位就业人数占比	1.0000	0.7129	0.1325
基础设施水平	人均道路拥有面积/m²	1.0000	12.1248	9.5022
金融发展水平	人均年末金融机构人民币各项贷款余额/元	1.0000	47348.7831	59194.4320
产业结构优化	产业结构高级化产业结构合理化	0.4045 0.5955	0.1866	0.0687
人口集聚	人口密度/人·km^-2 地均收入/人·km^-2	0.3950 0.6050	0.1959	0.1754

变量	（1）	（2）	（3）	（4）	（5）	（6）
变量	ln(upg)	ln(upg)	ln(eff)	ln(eff)	ln(xn)	ln(xn)
er	-25.48^***（-5.66）	-15.05^***（1.65）	-2.54^*（-1.83）	-3.16^**（1.48）	-10.14^***（3.75）	-12.77^***（3.77）
er²	16.12^***（6.09）	8.76^***（1.01）	1.65^*（1.82）	1.91^**（0.95）	5.91^***（2.20）	7.47^***（2.23）
控制变量	否	是	否	是	否	是
Utest检验P值	0.000	0.000	0.058	0.082	0.014	0.004
er拐点值	0.790	0.820	0.771	0.762	0.858	0.874
样本量	972	972	972	972	972	972
R²	0.226	0.450	0.057	0.112	0.407	0.370

变量	（1）	（2）	（3）	（4）	（5）	（6）
变量	ln(upg)	ln(pop)	ln(upg)	ln(eff)	ln(ind)	ln(eff)
er	-15.05^***（4.82）	-5.17^***（1.35）	-15.05^***（4.88）	-3.16^**（1.48）	-6.21^***（1.98）	-2.83^**（1.40）
er²	8.76^***（2.84）	3.62^***（0.81）	8.78^***（2.87）	1.91^**（0.95）	4.01^***（1.21）	1.89^**（0.89）
ln(pop)	-	-	0.14^*（0.08)	-	-	-
ln(ind)	-	-	-	-	-	0.09^*（1.85）
控制变量	是	是	是	是	是	是
Sobel检验P值	-	-	0.001	-	-	0.059
中介效应占比/%	-	-	24.41	-	-	37.55
样本量	972	972	972	972	972	972
R²	0.450	0.352	0.452	0.112	0.238	0.128

变量	经济欠发达	经济发达	城市规模较小	城市规模较大
变量	ln(xn)	ln(xn)	ln(xn)	ln(xn)
er	-11.56^**（4.47）	8.22^**（3.48）	-13.37^***（3.98）	-1.95（2.31）
er²	6.56^**（2.68）	-4.55^**（2.17）	7.90^***（2.35）	0.62（1.60）
控制变量	是	是	是	是
Utest检验P值	0.061	0.160	0.002	-
er拐点值	0.88	0.95	0.85	-
样本量	621	351	612	360
R²	0.349	0.560	0.387	0.642