城市绿色基础设施生态系统服务供需关系及空间优化--以西安市为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.05.30

Abstract

Abstract:

Urban green infrastructure (UGI) is a critical component of the urban natural ecosystem, which provides various ecosystem services for residents. It is of great significance to explore the spatial dependence of ecosystem service supply-demand relationships not only to reveal the relationship between ecology and economy but also for building a livable environment. However, better quantitative evaluation and spatial mapping of the demand of ecosystem services, and in particular analysis of the relationship between demand and supply of ecosystem services, are still missing. Taking the built-up area of Xi'an City in Shaanxi Province of China as an example, based on remote sensing, population and environmental monitoring data from 2018, several evaluation models for the demand of ecosystem services, such as high temperature regulation and noise reduction, were developed in this study, and the spatial relationships of supply and demand of different ecosystem services were analyzed on a pixel scale. Furthermore, in this study, we propose an optimized landscape pattern for a UGI in Xi'an by identifying ecological sources and ecological corridors based on the minimum cumulative resistance model. The results show that (1) the UGI in the built-up area of Xi'an is unevenly distributed, exhibiting a high degree of fragmentation and poor connectivity. The total value of residents' demand for ecosystem services can be reached with 224×10⁸ yuan, whereas the total value of UGI ecosystem service supply is just 28×10⁸ yuan, presenting a serious mismatch between supply and demand. (2) The degree of spatial matching between supply and demand of ecosystem services varies from one individual service to another. The supply of high temperature regulation, air purification, and leisure and entertainment services is greater than the residents' demand for these ecosystem services, so the matching situation between supply and demand is good in these cases; while the level of food supply, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, water conservation, and noise reduction services is less than the demand, the provisioning of these services are seriously lacking. (3) The matching of supply and demand of different kinds of ecosystem services has significant spatial heterogeneity. Overall, with the increase in population density, the spatial matching of supply and demand of most ecosystem services (such as high temperature regulation and noise reduction) decreases significantly, which shows a high matching degree in urban fringe areas and a serious imbalance in urban core areas. (4) In the overall study area, the ecological source patch is small, highly fragmented, and poorly connected, and the UGI network lacks a main ecological corridor. We propose constructing UGI networks composed of two ecological corridors (one ecological corridor along Wei River side and another along the north foot of the Qinling Mountains), seven ecological conservation areas (including the Ba River), and plentiful green belts along roads that will coordinate the spatial matching between supply and demand of ecosystem services and optimize the landscape pattern in Xi'an City. This work not only provides an enriched method for ecosystem services demand optimization but also will provide a guide for applying ecosystem service knowledge to ecological management, which will be an aid to the promotion of UGIs and sustainable development of ecosystems in Xi'an.

Key words: ecosystem services, green infrastructure, relation between supply and demand, spatial pattern optimization, Xi'an City

LIU Wei,ZHOU Zhongxue,LANG Ruiting. Supply-demand relations of ecosystem services of urban green infrastructure and its spatial optimization: A case of Xi'an City[J].Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(5): 1500-1513.

Figures/Tables 11

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ES_i	供需匹配度
-1.0~-0.5	严重失调
-0.5~0	轻度失调
0	均衡
0~0.2	一般均衡
0.2~1.0	良好匹配

一级因子	二级因子	等级	赋值	权重
自然因素	景观类型	水域	1	0.20
		林地	2
		耕地	3
		园地	4
		草地	5
		建设用地	6
	归一化植被指数（NDVI）	-0.52~0	6	0.20
		0~0.17	5
		0.17~0.29	4
		0.29~0.41	3
		0.41~0.57	2
		0.57~0.88	1
	高程/m	227~387	1	0.15
		387~414	2
		414~452	3
		452~507	4
		507~615	5
		615~810	6
	坡度/%	0~19.52	1	0.15
		19.52~31.85	2
		31.85~43.51	3
		43.51~53.78	4
		53.78~64.05	5
		64.05~87.35	6
社会经济因素	人口密度/人·栅格^-1	0.23~4.37	1	0.30
		4.37~9.86	2
		9.86~17.86	3
		17.86~25.42	4
		25.42~31.35	5
		31.35~38.03	6

人口集聚区	粮食供需	水源涵养	固碳释氧	高温调节	空气净化	减弱噪声	休闲娱乐	总服务
低度集聚区	-0.181^**	-0.064	-0.140^**	-0.444^**	0.003	-0.291^**	0.166^**	-0.255^**
中度集聚区	-0.098	-0.044	0.241^*	-0.386^**	0.234^*	-0.161^**	0.330^**	-0.117^*
中高度集聚区	0	-0.091	-0.085	-0.244^**	0.182	-0.191^**	0.245^**	-0.073
高度集聚区	0	-0.032	-0.015	-0.215^**	-0.060	-0.179^**	0.185^**	0.051
建成区	-0.160^**	-0.084^*	-0.057^*	-0.037	0.458^**	-0.214^**	0.266^**	-0.166^**

Supply-demand relations of ecosystem services of urban green infrastructure and its spatial optimization: A case of Xi'an City

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