基于二元模型和贝叶斯混合模型的青海湖表层沉积物有机碳来源解析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.697

Abstract

Abstract:

Determining the sources of organic carbon in lake sediments is key to unraveling carbon cycling in lakes and the evolution of watershed environments. Currently, quantitative studies on sources of organic carbon in sediments from Lake Qinghai remain relatively limited, and disparate source-tracing proxies often yield inconsistent conclusions. Drawing on the published carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) of organic matter and organic carbon isotope (δ¹³C_org) data for surface sediments from Lake Qinghai, this study employed the Binary model and Bayesian mixing model to quantitatively resolve the contribution of terrestrial-derived and autochthonous organic carbon to the surface sediments, demonstrating that (1) Organic carbon in the surface sediments of Lake Qinghai is predominantly derived from terrestrial inputs, with an average contribution rate of 70.2%, as estimated using the MixSIAR model; the autochthonous part is mainly from the genus Cladophora (with an average contribution rate of 26.0%), and the contribution of submerged plants is relatively low (with a mean value of 3.8%). (2) The composition of organic carbon sources in the sediments displays distinct spatial heterogeneity, where the terrestrial contribution is negatively correlated with the water depth. (3) Comparison of the models indicates that the δ¹³C_org-based MixSIAR model exhibits higher reliability in quantifying sources of organic carbon, whereas the C/N-based Binary model is prone to uncertainties in selecting the end-member value and early diagenesis. This study revealed the source, composition, and spatial distribution patterns of organic carbon in the surface sediments of Lake Qinghai, providing a reference for evaluating the organic carbon burial mechanism in alpine saltwater lakes.

Key words: source of organic carbon, binary model, Bayesian mixing model, surface sediments, Lake Qinghai

CHEN Wanting, MA Yujun, JIANG Chuanli, HAN Chenxiaoyu. Sources of organic carbon in surface sediments of Lake Qinghai based on Binary model and Bayesian mixing model[J].Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(9): 1803-1814.

Figures/Tables 9

Tab. 1

Fig. 1

Tab. 2

Fig. 2

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Calculation results of the contribution of different carbon sources to the organic carbon of the surface sediments in Lake Qinghai"

表层沉积物	采样区域	水深/m	TOC/%	TN/%	C/N	贡献比例/%
表层沉积物	采样区域	水深/m	TOC/%	TN/%	C/N	陆源	内源
QHH-1^*	西北湖区	20.1	3.5	0.42	8.33	56.7	43.3
QHH-2^*	西北湖区	26.6	4.8	0.70	6.86	38.4	61.6
QHH-3^*	北深水区	28.0	3.4	0.32	10.63	75.0	25.0
QHH-4^*	北深水区	27.5	3.5	0.48	7.29	44.5	55.5
QHH-5^*	北深水区	26.7	4.6	0.55	8.36	57.0	43.0
QHH-6^*	东北湖区	26.3	2.1	0.19	11.05	77.6	22.4
QHH-8^*	北深水区	27.3	2.6	0.39	6.67	35.4	64.6
QHH-9^*	北深水区	28.0	4.1	0.53	7.74	50.1	49.9
QHH-10^*	北深水区	27.4	2.7	0.37	7.30	44.6	55.4
QHH-11^*	布哈河口区	12.0	1.7	0.21	8.10	54.2	45.8
QHH-12^*	西南湖区	18.6	1.6	0.20	8.00	53.1	46.9
QHH-13^*	西南湖区	24.7	2.7	0.48	5.63	15.7	84.3
QHH-14^*	湖心区	27.8	3.3	0.50	6.60	34.3	65.7
QHH-15^*	南深水区	28.0	4.3	0.72	5.97	23.1	76.9
QHH-16^*	南深水区	27.7	3.3	0.40	8.25	55.8	44.2
QHH-17^*	南深水区	26.6	1.4	0.14	10.00	70.8	29.2
QHH-18^*	南深水区	25.1	4.7	0.53	8.87	61.8	38.2
QHH-19^*	西南湖区	21.9	3.5	0.56	6.25	28.3	71.7
QHH-20^*	东南湖区	24.5	1.9	0.33	5.76	18.6	81.4
QHH-21^*	东南湖区	26.5	3.1	0.38	8.16	54.8	45.2
QHH-22^*	东南湖区	25.2	1.9	0.28	6.79	37.3	62.7
QHH-23^*	东南湖区	27.0	3.5	0.48	7.29	44.5	55.5
QHH-24^*	南深水区	27.5	3.9	0.56	6.96	40.0	60.0
QHH-25^*	南深水区	27.0	4.0	0.55	7.27	44.3	55.7
QHH-26^*	东南湖区	23.5	1.8	0.22	8.18	55.1	44.9
QHH-27^*	东南湖区	26.0	3.3	0.50	6.60	34.3	65.7
1^#**	151码头	22.0	2.6	0.25	10.54	74.5	25.5
3^#**	湖心区	25.0	2.7	0.25	11.18	78.3	21.7
4^#**	江西沟码头	25.0	2.71	0.25	10.92	76.8	23.2
5^#**	布哈河口区	11.9	1.47	0.15	10.15	71.9	28.1
6^#**	布哈河口区	9.2	2.60	0.23	11.42	79.6	20.4
7^#**	西北湖区	24.5	2.70	0.25	10.64	75.1	24.9
8^#**	青海湖农场	15.0	1.77	0.17	10.25	72.6	27.4
9^#**	沙柳河口区	10.0	1.73	0.16	11.09	77.8	22.2
10^#**	泉吉河口区	5.0	1.14	0.10	11.28	78.9	21.1
11^#**	黑马河口区	8.6	0.89	0.09	9.53	67.3	32.7
1^***	西南湖区	-	1.77	0.25	7.20	43.3	56.7
2^***	南深水区	-	2.20	0.30	7.25	44.0	56.0
3^***	东南湖区	-	2.16	0.31	7.07	41.5	58.5
5^***	东北湖区	-	1.03	0.19	5.40	10.5	89.5
6^***	西北湖区	-	2.26	0.30	7.53	47.6	52.4
7^***	北深水区	-	1.38	0.21	6.71	36.1	63.9
8^***	北深水区	-	2.40	0.34	7.09	41.7	58.3
9^***	东南湖区	-	2.11	0.31	6.84	38.2	61.8
10^***	西南湖区	-	1.95	0.27	7.33	45.1	54.9
11^***	西南湖区	-	2.00	0.28	7.03	40.8	59.2
12^***	南深水区	-	1.90	0.25	7.49	47.1	52.9
15^***	东北湖区	-	1.59	0.21	7.71	49.8	50.2
16^***	西北湖区	-	1.90	0.23	8.11	54.3	45.7
17^***	湖心区	-	1.97	0.27	7.26	44.1	55.9
18^***	布哈河口区	-	1.62	0.23	7.09	41.8	58.2

Tab. 4

Fig. 3

Tab. 5

Fig. 4

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端元C/N变化	陆源有机碳贡献率变化量/%
端元C/N变化	平均变化量	最大变化量
R_e=17±1	±0.65	±1.35
R_e=17±2	±1.29	±2.98
R_e=17±3	±1.96	±4.97
R_i=5±0.1	±0.73	±1.41
R_i=5±0.2	±1.43	±2.84
R_i=5±0.3	±2.13	±4.30

表层沉积物	样品水深/m	δ¹³C_org/‰	陆源贡献比例/%		沉水植物贡献比例/%		刚毛藻属贡献比例/%
表层沉积物	样品水深/m	δ¹³C_org/‰	平均值	标准差	平均值	标准差	平均值	标准差
S01	26.5	-27.5	69.2	0.205	3.5	0.046	27.3	0.186
S02	26.0	-28.0	65.7	0.218	3.3	0.043	31.0	0.203
S03	26.0	-27.6	68.3	0.211	3.6	0.050	28.1	0.190
S04	26.0	-27.6	68.3	0.203	3.6	0.047	28.1	0.185
S05	26.0	-27.8	67.9	0.210	3.4	0.046	28.7	0.193
S06	25.5	-27.6	68.8	0.211	3.6	0.050	27.5	0.190
S07	25.0	-27.4	69.9	0.199	3.6	0.047	26.5	0.179
S08	25.0	-27.3	70.5	0.200	3.8	0.051	25.7	0.178
S09	25.0	-28.1	65.1	0.218	3.4	0.046	31.5	0.202
S10	24.0	-28.6	61.3	0.223	3.2	0.042	35.4	0.207
S11	24.0	-27.1	71.6	0.195	3.8	0.052	24.6	0.171
S12	24.0	-27.7	68.5	0.212	3.4	0.046	28.1	0.194
S13	24.0	-27.6	68.1	0.214	3.7	0.049	28.2	0.194
S14	24.0	-26.6	74.0	0.188	4.0	0.057	22.0	0.163
S15	24.0	-28.0	66.1	0.217	3.5	0.047	30.4	0.198
S16	24.0	-27.8	67.6	0.212	3.4	0.046	29.0	0.195
S17	24.0	-27.3	69.9	0.207	3.7	0.049	26.4	0.187
S18	22.0	-27.0	72.1	0.195	3.7	0.049	24.2	0.175
S19	20.4	-26.8	72.7	0.198	3.9	0.054	23.4	0.173
S20	18.5	-27.0	72.1	0.197	3.9	0.053	24.0	0.174
S21	18.0	-26.9	72.5	0.196	3.9	0.055	23.6	0.172
S22	13.8	-26.1	76.5	0.180	4.2	0.062	19.3	0.149
S23	11.5	-26.5	74.6	0.187	4.1	0.058	21.2	0.160
S24	10.0	-23.7	81.2	0.178	7.0	0.108	11.8	0.099
1F-1	24.7	-28.2	73.0	0.112	2.8	0.024	24.2	0.097

Sources of organic carbon in surface sediments of Lake Qinghai based on Binary model and Bayesian mixing model

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序号	指标	方法	主要观点	文献
1	C/N	定性	内源持续主导	[16]
2	δ¹³C_org	定性	陆生高等植物为主要碳源	[19]
3	C/N	定性	藻类/浮游生物贡献显著	[13]
4	C/N	定性	内源主导	[12]
5	δ¹³C_org	定量	颗粒性有机碳主导	[17]
6	δ¹³C_org、正构烷烃碳同位素	定性	水生植物为主要碳源	[15]
7	C/N、δ¹³C_org	定性	藻类和浮游植物为主要来源	[18]
8	C/N	定性	内源水生生物主导	[11]
9	C/N	定性	内源水生植物主导	[20]

样品类型	数据类型	采集年份	发表年份	文献
湖泊沉积物	TOC、TN	-	2012	[27]
湖泊沉积物	TOC、TN	2017	2021	[28]
湖泊沉积物	TOC、TN	2012	2014	[29]
湖泊沉积物	δ¹³C_org	-	2013	[30]
有机碳端元	δ¹³C_org	-	2013	[30]

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