吐哈盆地鸟类多样性的初步研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.030

Abstract

Abstract:

The Turpan-Hami Basin, an arid region in northwest China, possesses a unique natural environment that has led to the development of a distinct bird community. Despite its ecological significance, the current status of the basin's avifauna remains unclear. We initiated a study to determine the bird diversity within the region. Over six surveys in 2023 and 2024, we utilized multiple complementary methods(line transect surveys, point counts, interviews, and infrared cameras) and integrated these new data with historical records and contributions from the China Bird Report. Our survey results establish the Turpan-Hami Basin as a globally significant avian hotspot. We recorded a remarkable 295 bird species representing 22 orders and 59 families. This community consisted of summer visitors (44.75%, n=132), residents (31.86%, n=94), passage migrants (17.63%, n=52), winter visitors (5.42%, n=16), and vagrant visitors (0.34%, n=1). The region is particularly vital for conservation, as it hosts 11 Class I (e.g., Oxyura leucocephala, Otis tarda, Haliaeetus leucoryphus, Falco cherrug) and 53 Class II (e.g., Tetraogallus himalayensis, Cygnus cygnus, Grus grus, Luscinia svecica) nationally protected species. We also made several key discoveries: The basin is home to the Chinese endemic Podoces biddulphi, and we recorded three species for the first time in the Xinjiang region: Lanius cristatus, Lanius sphenocercus, and Cyanopica cyanus. Habitat analysis revealed a strong association with wetlands, which contained the highest diversity, while shrublands had the lowest. The faunal similarity was highest between residential and farmland habitats, contrasting sharply with the low similarity between wetlands and shrubs. This high diversity and concentration of protected species highlight the urgent need for a robust monitoring program to inform conservation efforts in the basin.

Key words: avian, community similarity, endemic species, biodiversity, Turpan-Hami Basin

LI Xinyu, LIU Zhengxiao, HU Qian, PENG Yuyang, WANG Hui, LI Jianqiang, YE Xinping, XU Jiliang. Preliminary study of the diversity of birds in Turpan-Hami Basin[J].Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(10): 1707-1720.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Avian species list in Turpan-Hami Basin"

物种名	国家保护级别	分布型	居留型	来源	物种名	国家保护级别	分布型	居留型	来源
一、鸡形目 Galliformes					36. 岩鸽 Columba rupestris		O	R	a,b,c
（一）雉科 Phasianidae					37. 欧鸽 Columba oenas		O	R	a
1. 斑翅山鹑 Perdix dauurica		D	R	a,b	38. 中亚鸽 Columba eversmanni	二级	O	R	c
2. 环颈雉 Phasianus colchicus		O	R	b	39. 欧斑鸠 Streptopelia turtur		O	R	b,c
3. 暗腹雪鸡 Tetraogallus himalayensis	二级	P	R	a,b	40. 山斑鸠 Streptopelia orientalis		E	R	a,b,c
4. 西鹌鹑 Coturnix coturnix		O	S	b	41. 灰斑鸠 Streptopelia decaocto		W	R	a,b,c
5. 石鸡 Alectoris chukar		D	R	a,b,c	42. 棕斑鸠 Streptopelia senegalensis		O	R	a,b,c
二、雁形目 Anseriformes					六、沙鸡目 Pteroclidiformes
（二）鸭科 Anatidae					（六）沙鸡科 Pteroclidae
6. 白头硬尾鸭 Oxyura leucocephala	一级	O	S	a	43. 毛腿沙鸡 Syrrhaptes paradoxus		D	R	a,b,c
7. 大天鹅 Cygnus cygnus	二级	C	P	a,b	44. 西藏毛腿沙鸡 Syrrhaptes tibetanus		P	S	a
8. 小天鹅 Cygnus columbianus	二级	C	P	a	七、夜鹰目 Caprimulgiformes
9. 斑头雁 Anser indicus		P	S	a,b,c	（七）夜鹰科 Caprimulgidae
10. 灰雁 Anser anser		U	S	a,b,c	45. 欧夜鹰 Caprimulgus europaeus		O	S	b
11. 豆雁 Anser fabalis		U	W	a	（八）雨燕科 Apodidae
12. 白额雁 Anser albifrons	二级	C	P	a,c	46. 白腰雨燕 Apus pacificus		M	S	a
13. 鹊鸭 Bucephala clangula		C	P	a,c	47. 普通雨燕 Apus apus		O	S	a,b,c
14. 斑头秋沙鸭 Mergellus albellus	二级	U	P	a	八、鹃形目 Cuculiformes
15. 普通秋沙鸭 Mergus merganser		C	S	a,b,c	（九）杜鹃科 Cuculidae
16. 翘鼻麻鸭 Tadorna tadorna		U	S	a,b,c	48. 大杜鹃 Cuculus canorus		O	S	a,b,c
17. 赤麻鸭 Tadorna ferruginea		U	R	a,b,c	49. 东方中杜鹃 Cuculus optatus		W	S	b
18. 赤嘴潜鸭 Netta rufina		O	S	a,b,c	九、鹤形目 Gruiformes
19. 红头潜鸭 Aythya ferina		C	P	a,b,c	（十）秧鸡科 Rallidae
20. 白眼潜鸭 Aythya nyroca		O	S	a,b,c	50. 西秧鸡 Rallus aquaticus		U	R	b
21. 凤头潜鸭 Aythya fuligula		U	P	a,c	51. 小田鸡 Zapornia pusilla		O	S	b
22. 白眉鸭 Spatula querquedula		U	P	a,b	52. 黑水鸡 Gallinula chloropus		O	S	a,b,c
23. 琵嘴鸭 Spatula clypeata		C	S	a,b,c	53. 白骨顶 Fulica atra		O	S	a,b,c
24. 赤膀鸭 Mareca strepera		U	P	a,b,c	（十一）鹤科 Gruidae
25. 赤颈鸭 Mareca penelope		C	P	a,b,c	54. 蓑羽鹤 Grus virgo	二级	D	S	a,b,c
26. 绿头鸭 Anas platyrhynchos		C	S	a,b,c	55. 灰鹤 Grus grus	二级	U	S	a,b,c
27. 针尾鸭 Anas acuta		C	P	a,b,c	十、鸨形目 Otidiformes
28. 绿翅鸭 Anas crecca		C	P	a,b,c	（十二）鸨科 Otididae
三、䴙䴘目 Podicipediformes					56. 大鸨 Otis tarda	一级	O	R	b
（三）䴙䴘科 Podicipedidae					57. 波斑鸨 Chlamydotis macqueenii	一级	O	S	b
29. 小䴙䴘 Tachybaptus ruficollis		W	R	b,c	十一、潜鸟目 Gaviiformes
30. 赤颈䴙䴘 Podiceps grisegena	二级	C	P	a	（十三）潜鸟科 Gaviidae
31. 凤头䴙䴘 Podiceps cristatus		U	S	a,b,c	58. 黑喉潜鸟 Gavia arctica		C	W	a
32. 角䴙䴘 Podiceps auritus	二级	C	S	a	十二、鹳形目 Ciconiiformes
33. 黑颈䴙䴘 Podiceps nigricollis	二级	C	P	a,b,c	（十四）鹳科 Ciconiidae
四、红鹳目 Phoenicopteriformes					59. 黑鹳 Ciconia nigra	一级	U	S	b
（四）红鹳科 Phoenicopteridae					十三、鹈形目 Pelecaniformes
34. 大红鹳 Phoenicopterus roseus		O	P	b	（十五）鹮科 Threskiornithidae
五、鸽形目 Columbiformes					60. 白琵鹭 Platalea leucorodia	二级	O	S	a,b,c
（五）鸠鸽科 Columbidae					（十六）鹭科 Ardeidae
35. 原鸽 Columba livia		O	R	a,b,c	61. 小苇鳽 Ixobrychus minutus	二级	O	S	a,c
62. 池鹭 Ardeola bacchus		W	S	a	98. 渔鸥 Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus		D	S	a,b,c
63. 苍鹭 Ardea cinerea		U	R	a,b,c	99. 西伯利亚银鸥 Larus vegae		C	P	a,b
64. 大白鹭 Ardea alba		O	P	a,b,c	100. 黄腿银鸥 Larus cachinnans		C	S	a,b,c
65. 白鹭 Egretta garzetta		W	S	a	101. 红嘴巨燕鸥 Hydroprogne caspia		O	P	a
十四、鲣鸟目 Suliformes					102. 白额燕鸥 Sternula albifrons		O	S	a,b,c
（十七）鸬鹚科 Phalacrocoracidae					103. 普通燕鸥 Sterna hirundo		C	S	a,b,c
66. 普通鸬鹚 Phalacrocorax carbo		O	S	a,b,c	104. 灰翅浮鸥 Chlidonias hybrida		U	P	a,b,c
十五、鸻形目 Charadriiformes					105. 白翅浮鸥 Chlidonias leucopterus		U	S	a,b,c
（十八）石鸻科 Burhinidae					106. 黑浮鸥 Chlidonias niger	二级	C	S	c
67. 石鸻 Burhinus oedicnemus		O	S	b	十六、鸮形目 Strigiformes
（十九）蛎鹬科 Haematopodidae					（二十四）鸱鸮科 Strigidae
68. 蛎鹬 Haematopus ostralegus		C	V	b	107. 猛鸮 Surnia ulula	二级	C	R	b
（二十）反嘴鹬科 Recurvirostridae					108. 纵纹腹小鸮 Athene noctua	二级	U	R	a,b,c
69. 反嘴鹬 Recurvirostra avosetta		O	S	a,b,c	109. 西红角鸮 Otus scops	二级	O	R	a
70. 黑翅长脚鹬 Himantopus himantopus		O	S	a,b,c	110. 长耳鸮 Asio otus	二级	C	W	b
（二十一）鸻科Charadriidae					111. 短耳鸮 Asio flammeus	二级	C	W	b
71. 凤头麦鸡 Vanellus vanellus		U	S	a,b,c	112. 雪鸮 Bubo scandiacus	二级	C	W	b
72. 金鸻 Pluvialis fulva		C	P	c	113. 雕鸮 Bubo bubo	二级	U	R	b
73. 金眶鸻 Charadrius dubius		O	S	a,b,c	十七、鹰形目 Accipitriformes
74. 环颈鸻 Charadrius alexandrinus		O	S	a,b,c	（二十五）鹗科 Pandionidae
75. 青藏沙鸻 Charadrius atrifrons		D	S	a,b	114. 鹗 Pandion haliaetus	二级	C	S	a,b
（二十二）鹬科 Scolopacidae					（二十六）鹰科 Accipitridae
76. 白腰杓鹬 Numenius arquata	二级	U	P	b,c	115. 胡兀鹫 Gypaetus barbatus	一级	O	R	a,b,c
77. 黑尾塍鹬 Limosa limosa		U	P	a,b,c	116. 凤头蜂鹰 Pernis ptilorhynchus	二级	W	P	a
78. 翻石鹬 Arenaria interpres	二级	C	P	a	117. 高山兀鹫 Gyps himalayensis	二级	O	R	a,b,c
79. 流苏鹬 Calidris pugnax		U	P	b	118. 秃鹫 Aegypius monachus	一级	O	R	a,b,c
80. 阔嘴鹬 Calidris falcinellus	二级	C	P	a	119. 靴隼雕 Hieraaetus pennatus	二级	O	R	a,b
81. 弯嘴滨鹬 Calidris ferruginea		U	P	b	120. 草原雕 Aquila nipalensis	一级	D	S	b,c
82. 青脚滨鹬 Calidris temminckii		U	P	a,b,c	121. 白肩雕 Aquila heliaca	一级	O	R	b
83. 长趾滨鹬 Calidris subminuta		M	P	a	122. 金雕 Aquila chrysaetos	一级	C	R	a,b,c
84. 小滨鹬 Calidris minuta		M	P	a,c	123. 褐耳鹰 Accipiter badius	二级	W	R	c
85. 丘鹬 Scolopax rusticola		U	S	b	124. 雀鹰 Accipiter nisus	二级	U	R	a,b,c
86. 扇尾沙锥 Gallinago gallinago		U	S	a,b,c	125. 苍鹰 Accipiter gentilis	二级	C	P	b
87. 红颈瓣蹼鹬 Phalaropus lobatus		C	P	a	126. 白头鹞 Circus aeruginosus	二级	O	S	b
88. 翘嘴鹬 Xenus cinereus		U	P	a,b	127. 白腹鹞 Circus spilonotus	二级	M	S	a
89. 矶鹬 Actitis hypoleucos		C	S	a,b,c	128. 白尾鹞 Circus cyaneus	二级	C	S	a,b,c
90. 白腰草鹬 Tringa ochropus		U	S	a,b,c	129. 黑鸢 Milvus migrans	二级	U	R	a,b,c
91. 鹤鹬 Tringa erythropus		U	P	a	130. 玉带海雕 Haliaeetus leucoryphus	一级	D	S	a,b
92. 青脚鹬 Tringa nebularia		U	P	a,b	131. 毛脚鵟 Buteo lagopus	二级	C	W	b
93. 红脚鹬 Tringa totanus		U	S	a,b,c	132. 大鵟 Buteo hemilasius	二级	D	W	a,b,c
94. 林鹬 Tringa glareola		U	P	a,b,c	133. 普通鵟Buteo japonicus	二级	U	P	a,b,c
95. 泽鹬 Tringa stagnatilis		U	S	c	134. 棕尾鵟 Buteo rufinus	二级	O	R	a,b,c
（二十三）鸥科 Laridae					135. 欧亚鵟 Buteo buteo	二级	U	W	c
96. 棕头鸥 Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus		P	S	a,c	十八、犀鸟目 Bucerotiformes
97. 红嘴鸥 Chroicocephalus ridibundus		U	S	a,b,c	（二十七）戴胜科 Upupidae
136. 戴胜 Upupa epops		O	S	a,b,c	171. 褐头山雀 Poecile montanus		C	R	b,c
十九、佛法僧目 Coraciiformes					172. 灰蓝山雀 Cyanistes cyanus		U	R	a,b,c
（二十八）蜂虎科 Meropidae					173. 欧亚大山雀 Parus major		O	R	a,b,c
137. 黄喉蜂虎 Merops apiaster		O	S	b	（三十七）百灵科 Alaudidae
（二十九）佛法僧科 Coraciidae					174. 小云雀 Alauda gulgula		W	S	a
138. 蓝胸佛法僧 Coracias garrulus		O	S	a	175. 云雀 Alauda arvensis	二级	U	S	a,b,c
（三十）翠鸟科 Alcedinidae					176. 凤头百灵 Galerida cristata		O	R	a,b,c
139. 普通翠鸟 Alcedo atthis		O	S	b	177. 角百灵 Eremophila alpestris		C	R	a,b,c
二十、啄木鸟目 Piciformes					178. 细嘴短趾百灵 Calandrella acutirostris		P	S	a,b
（三十一）啄木鸟科 Picidae					179. 大短趾百灵 Calandrella brachydactyla		U	S	a,b
140. 三趾啄木鸟 Picoides tridactylus	二级	C	R	b	180. 短趾百灵 Alaudala cheleensis		O	R	a,b,c
141. 白翅啄木鸟 Dendrocopos leucopterus	二级	D	R	b	（三十八）文须雀科 Panuridae
142. 大斑啄木鸟 Dendrocopos major		U	R	b	181. 文须雀 Panurus biarmicus		O	S	a,b,c
二十一、隼形目 Falconiformes					（三十九）苇莺科 Acrocephalidae
（三十二）隼科 Falconidae					182. 大苇莺 Acrocephalus arundinaceus		O	S	c
143. 黄爪隼 Falco naumanni	二级	U	S	a,b,c	183. 东方大苇莺 Acrocephalus orientalis		O	S	b
144. 红隼 Falco tinnunculus	二级	O	R	a,b,c	184. 稻田苇莺 Acrocephalus agricola		O	S	a,b,c
145. 灰背隼 Falco columbarius	二级	C	S	a,b,c	185. 靴篱莺 Iduna caligata		D	S	a,b
146. 燕隼 Falco subbuteo	二级	U	S	a,b,c	186. 赛氏篱莺 Iduna rama		D	R	b
147. 猎隼 Falco cherrug	一级	C	R	a,b	187. 草绿篱莺 Iduna pallida		D	S	b
148. 游隼 Falco peregrinus	二级	C	R	a,b,c	（四十）蝗莺科 Locustellidae
二十二、雀形目 Passeriformes					188. 小蝗莺 Helopsaltes certhiola		M	S	a,b
（三十三）黄鹂科 Oriolidae					（四十一）燕科 Hirundinidae
149. 金黄鹂 Oriolus oriolus		O	S	b	189. 崖沙燕 Riparia riparia		C	S	b
（三十四）伯劳科 Laniidae					190. 淡色崖沙燕 Riparia diluta		C	S	a,b,c
150. 红尾伯劳 Lanius cristatus		X	P	a	191. 家燕 Hirundo rustica		C	S	a,b,c
151. 红背伯劳 Lanius collurio		U	P	b	192. 岩燕 Ptyonoprogne rupestris		O	S	a,b,c
152. 荒漠伯劳 Lanius isabellinus		C	S	a,b,c	193. 毛脚燕 Delichon urbicum		U	S	a,b,c
153. 棕尾伯劳 Lanius phoenicuroides		D	S	a,b,c	（四十二）柳莺科 Phylloscopidae
154. 灰背伯劳 Lanius tephronotus		H	S	a	194. 林柳莺 Phylloscopus sibilatrix		H	S	b
155. 灰伯劳 Lanius borealis		C	S	a,b,c	195. 淡眉柳莺 Phylloscopus humei		U	S	a,b,c
156. 西灰伯劳 Lanius excubitor		C	S	a,b	196. 黄腰柳莺 Phylloscopus proregulus		U	S	a,b,c
157. 楔尾伯劳 Lanius sphenocercus		M	S	a	197. 巨嘴柳莺 Phylloscopus schwarzi		M	S	b
（三十五）鸦科 Corvidae					198. 灰柳莺 Phylloscopus griseolus		P	S	a,b,c
158. 灰喜鹊 Cyanopica cyanus		U	R	c	199. 黄腹柳莺 Phylloscopus affinis		H	S	b
159. 欧亚喜鹊 Pica pica		C	R	a,b,c	200. 褐柳莺 Phylloscopus fuscatus		M	S	b
160. 黑尾地鸦 Podoces hendersoni	二级	D	R	a,b,c	201. 棕腹柳莺 Phylloscopus subaffinis		S	S	b
161. 白尾地鸦 Podoces biddulphi	二级	D	R	a	202. 叽喳柳莺 Phylloscopus collybita		U	S	a,b
162. 星鸦 Nucifraga caryocatactes		U	R	a,b,c	203. 暗绿柳莺 Phylloscopus trochiloides		U	S	a,b
163. 红嘴山鸦 Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax		O	R	a,b,c	204. 极北柳莺 Phylloscopus borealis		U	S	b
164. 黄嘴山鸦 Pyrrhocorax graculus		O	R	a,b	（四十三）长尾山雀科 Aegithalidae
165. 寒鸦 Corvus monedula		U	R	a,b	205. 花彩雀莺 Leptopoecile sophiae		O	R	a,b
166. 达乌里寒鸦 Corvus dauuricus		U	W	a,b,c	（四十四）莺鹛科 Sylviidae
167. 秃鼻乌鸦 Corvus frugilegus		U	R	a,c	206. 横斑林莺 Curruca nisoria		O	S	a,b
168. 小嘴乌鸦 Corvus corone		C	R	a,b,c	207. 白喉林莺 Curruca curruca		O	P	a,b,c
169. 渡鸦 Corvus corax		C	R	a,b,c	208. 漠白喉林莺 Curruca minula		O	S	a,b,c
（三十六）山雀科 Paridae					209. 荒漠林莺 Curruca nana		D	S	a,b,c
170. 煤山雀 Periparus ater		U	R	a,b,c	210. 灰白喉林莺 Curruca communis		O	S	a,b
（四十五）旋木雀科 Certhiidae					246. 褐岩鹨 Prunella fulvescens		P	R	a,b,c
211. 欧亚旋木雀 Certhia familiaris		C	R	a,b	247. 黑喉岩鹨 Prunella atrogularis		P	R	a,b
（四十六）䴓科 Sittidae					（五十五）雀科 Passeridae
212. 普通䴓 Sitta europaea		U	R	a,b,c	248. 黑顶麻雀 Passer ammodendri		D	R	a,b,c
213. 红翅旋壁雀 Tichodroma muraria		O	R	b,c	249. 家麻雀 Passer domesticus		O	R	a,b,c
（四十七）鹪鹩科 Troglodytidae					250. 黑胸麻雀 Passer hispaniolensis		O	R	a,b,c
214. 鹪鹩 Troglodytes troglodytes		C	R	a,b,c	251. 麻雀 Passer montanus		U	R	a,b,c
（四十八）河乌科 Cinclidae					252. 石雀 Petronia petronia		O	R	a,b,c
215. 河乌 Cinclus cinclus		O	R	a,b,c	253. 白斑翅雪雀 Montifringilla nivalis		P	R	a,b,c
（四十九）椋鸟科 Sturnidae					（五十六）鹡鸰科 Motacillidae
216. 灰椋鸟 Spodiopsar cineraceus		X	S	a,c	254. 北鹨 Anthus gustavi		M	P	b
217. 粉红椋鸟 Pastor roseus		O	S	a,b,c	255. 林鹨 Anthus trivialis		U	P	a,b,c
218. 紫翅椋鸟 Sturnus vulgaris		O	S	a,b,c	256. 树鹨 Anthus hodgsoni		M	P	a,b
（五十）鸫科 Turdidae					257. 粉红胸鹨 Anthus roseatus		P	S	a,b
219. 虎斑地鸫 Zoothera aurea		U	P	c	258. 黄腹鹨 Anthus rubescens		U	P	a,c
220. 灰背鸫 Turdus hortulorum		M	P	a	259. 水鹨 Anthus spinoletta		C	R	a,b,c
221. 欧乌鸫 Turdus merula		O	R	a,b,c	260. 田鹨 Anthus richardi		M	S	a,b,c
222. 黑喉鸫 Turdus atrogularis		O	P	a,b,c	261. 布氏鹨 Anthus godlewskii		D	P	a,c
223. 赤颈鸫 Turdus ruficollis		O	W	a,b,c	262. 平原鹨 Anthus campestris		D	S	a,b,c
224. 斑鸫 Turdus eunomus		M	P	b	263. 西黄鹡鸰 Motacilla flava		U	S	a,b,c
225. 田鸫 Turdus pilaris		U	W	a,b,c	264. 灰鹡鸰 Motacilla cinerea		O	S	a,b,c
226. 槲鸫 Turdus viscivorus		O	R	a,b,c	265. 黄头鹡鸰 Motacilla citreola		U	S	a,b,c
（五十一）鹟科 Muscicapidae					266. 白鹡鸰 Motacilla alba		U	S	a,b,c
227. 斑鹟 Muscicapa striata		U	S	a,b,c	（五十七）燕雀科 Fringillidae
228. 欧亚鸲 Erithacus rubecula		D	R	b	267. 苍头燕雀 Fringilla coelebs		O	W	a,b,c
229. 蓝喉歌鸲 Luscinia svecica	二级	U	S	a,b,c	268. 燕雀 Fringilla montifringilla		U	W	a,b,c
230. 新疆歌鸲 Luscinia megarhynchos	二级	O	S	a,b	269. 白斑翅拟蜡嘴雀 Mycerobas carnipes		P	R	b
231. 红喉姬鹟 Ficedula albicilla		U	P	a,b,c	270. 锡嘴雀 Coccothraustes coccothraustes		U	P	a
232. 红背红尾鸲 Phoenicuropsis erythronotus		D	S	a,b,c	271. 普通朱雀 Carpodacus erythrinus		U	S	a,b,c
233. 蓝头红尾鸲 Phoenicurus coeruleocephala		D	S	b	272. 红腰朱雀 Carpodacus rhodochlamys		P	R	b
234. 赭红尾鸲 Phoenicurus ochruros		O	S	a,b,c	273. 大朱雀 Carpodacus rubicilla		P	R	a,b,c
235. 欧亚红尾鸲 Phoenicurus phoenicurus		D	S	c	274. 长尾雀 Carpodacus sibiricus		M	S	b,c
236. 红腹红尾鸲 Phoenicurus erythrogastrus		P	S	a,b,c	275. 蒙古沙雀 Bucanetes mongolicus		D	R	a,b,c
237. 白背矶鸫 Monticola saxatilis		D	S	a,b,c	276. 林岭雀 Leucosticte nemoricola		P	R	a,b,c
238. 黑喉石䳭 Saxicola maurus		O	S	a,b	277. 高山岭雀 Leucosticte brandti		P	R	b,c
239. 穗䳭 Oenanthe oenanthe		C	S	a,b,c	278. 巨嘴沙雀 Rhodospiza obsoleta		D	R	a,b,c
240. 沙䳭 Oenanthe isabellina		D	S	a,b,c	279. 欧金翅雀 Chloris chloris		H	R	a,c
241. 漠䳭 Oenanthe deserti		D	R	a,b,c	280. 黄嘴朱顶雀 Linaria flavirostris		U	R	a,b,c
242. 白顶䳭 Oenanthe pleschanka		D	R	a,b,c	281. 赤胸朱顶雀 Linaria cannabina		O	R	a,b,c
（五十二）戴菊科 Regulidae					282. 红交嘴雀 Loxia curvirostra	二级	C	R	a,b
243. 戴菊 Regulus regulus		C	R	a,b,c	283. 红额金翅雀 Carduelis carduelis		O	R	b
（五十三）太平鸟科 Bombycillidae					284. 金额丝雀 Serinus pusillus		O	R	a,b,c
244. 太平鸟 Bombycilla garrulus		C	W	b	285. 黄雀 Spinus spinus		U	P	a,b,c
（五十四）岩鹨科 Prunellidae					（五十八）铁爪鹀科 Calcariidae
245. 高原岩鹨 Prunella himalayana		H	R	b	286. 铁爪鹀 Calcarius lapponicus		C	W	b
（五十九）鹀科 Emberizidae					291. 圃鹀 Emberiza hortulana		O	S	a
287. 褐头鹀 Emberiza bruniceps		D	S	b	292. 黄鹀 Emberiza citrinella		O	W	b
288. 三道眉草鹀 Emberiza cioides		M	R	a,b	293. 白头鹀 Emberiza leucocephalos		U	S	a,b
289. 灰眉岩鹀 Emberiza godlewskii		O	S	a,b,c	294. 芦鹀 Emberiza schoeniclus		U	R	b,c
290. 灰颈鹀 Emberiza buchanani		D	S	a,b,c	295. 苇鹀 Emberiza pallasi		M	S	a,c

Tab. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

References 52

[1]	Dirzo R, Raven P H. Global state of biodiversity and loss[J]. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 2003, 28(1): 137-167.
[2]	Mi X C, Feng G, Hu Y B, et al. The global significance of biodiversity science in China: An overview[J]. National Science Review, 2021, 8(7): nwab032, doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwab032.
[3]	Michel N L, Whelan C J, Verutes G M. Ecosystem services provided by Neotropical birds[J]. Condor, 2020, 122(3): duaa200, doi: 10.1093/condor/duaa022.
[4]	杨晓星, 李少斌, 陈天恩, 等. 白龟湖自然保护区冬季鸟类多样性分析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2023, 39(1): 90-96.
	[Yang Xiaoxing, Li Shaobin, Chen Tianen, et al. Bird diversity of Baigui Lake Natural Reserve in winter[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2023, 39(1): 90-96.]
[5]	Tscharntke T, Batáry P. Agriculture, urbanization, climate, and forest change drive bird declines[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023, 120(22): e2305216120, doi: 10.1073/pnas.2305216120.
[6]	冯琳, 尹林克. 哈密地区特色野生木本植物商业价值评估[J]. 天津农业科学, 2017, 23(6): 57-60.
	[Feng Lin, Yin Linke. Assessment on commercial value of special wild forest tree germplasm resources in Hami[J]. Tianjin Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 23(6): 57-60.]
[7]	张道远, 管开云, 康晓珊, 等. 干旱区植物种质资源保育及伊犁-吐鲁番国家植物园建设构想[J]. 风景园林, 2023, 30(2): 34-39.
	[Zhang Daoyuan, Guan Kaiyun, Kang Xiaoshan, et al. Conservation of plant germplasm resources in arid areas and construction of Yili-Turpan National Botanical Garden[J]. Landscape Architecture, 2023, 30(2): 34-39.]
[8]	成进, 汪萍, 夏俊, 等. 新疆主要野生鸟类的生态环境、迁徙路线及其对禽流感发生与流行的影响[J]. 动物医学进展, 2013, 34(7): 108-111.
	[Cheng Jin, Wang Ping, Xia Jun, et al. Acological environment and migration route of wild birds in Xinjiang and their effects on occurrence and epidemic of avian influenza[J]. Progress in Veterinary Medicine, 2013, 34(7): 108-111.]
[9]	马鸣. 新疆鸟类分布名录[M]. 2版. 北京: 科学出版社, 2011.
	[Ma Ming. A checklist on the distribution of the birds in Xinjiang[M]. 2^nd ed. Beijing: Science Press, 2011.]
[10]	Li X Y, Liang L, Gong P, et al. Bird watching in China reveals bird distribution changes[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2013, 58(6): 649-656.
[11]	袁国映. 新疆野生动物[M]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆人民出版社, 1987.
	[Yuan Guoying. Wild animals in Xinjiang[M]. Urumqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House, 1987.]
[12]	梁崇岐. 新疆珍贵动物图谱[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 1986.
	[Liang Chongqi. Atlas of rare animals in Xinjiang[M]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 1986.]
[13]	夏训诚. 罗布泊科学考察与研究[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1987.
	[Xia Xuncheng. Scientific investigation and research of Lop Nur[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1987.]
[14]	李都. 中国新疆野生动物[M]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆青少年出版社, 2000.
	[Li Dou. Wild life in Xinjiang, China[M]. Urumqi: Xinjiang Juvenile Publishing House, 2000.]
[15]	梅宇, 马鸣, Dwixon Andre, 等. 中国西部电网电击猛禽致死事故调查[J]. 动物学杂志, 2008, 43(4): 114-117.
	[Mei Yu, Ma Ming, Dwixon Andre, et al. Investigation on raptor of electrocution along power lines in the western China[J]. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 2008, 43(4): 114-117.]
[16]	杜利民, 马鸣. 黄爪隼和红隼的繁殖习性记录[J]. 四川动物, 2013, 32(5): 766-769.
	[Du Limin, Ma Ming. Habit difference of lesser kestrel and common kestrel during breeding season[J]. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 2013, 32(5): 766-769.]
[17]	支东明, 李建忠, 陈旋, 等. 吐哈盆地油气勘探新领域、新类型及资源潜力[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(12): 2122-2140. doi: 10.7623/syxb202312008
	[Zhi Dongming, Li Jianzhong, Chen Xuan, et al. New fields, new types and resource potentials of oil-gas exploration in Tuha Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(12): 2122-2140.] doi: 10.7623/syxb202312008
[18]	冶永新, 杜丽娟, 张宝忠, 等. 吐鲁番及周边地区气候及径流演变特征分析[J]. 水资源与水工程学报, 2014, 25(6): 61-67.
	[Ye Yongxin, Du Lijuan, Zhang Baozhong, et al. Analysis on feature of climate and runoff evolution in Turpan and its surrounding areas[J]. Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering, 2014, 25(6): 61-67.]
[19]	Shao W, Li L, Yan M, et al. Thirty years' spatio-temporal evolution of desertification degrees and driving factors in Turpan-Hami Basin, Xinjiang, China[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2024, 166: 112484, doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112484.
[20]	王芳, 李炳元, 田思雨, 等. 中国生态地理区划更新和优化[J]. 地理学报, 2024, 79(1): 3-16. doi: 10.11821/dlxb202401001
	[Wang Fang, Li Bingyuan, Tian Siyu, et al. Updated scheme for eco-geographical regionalition in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2024, 79(1): 3-16.] doi: 10.11821/dlxb202401001
[21]	郭柯, 方精云, 王国宏, 等. 中国植被分类系统修订方案[J]. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(2): 111-127. doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0271
	[Guo Ke, Fang Jingyun, Wang Guohong, et al. A revised scheme of vegetation classification system of China[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(2): 111-127.] doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0271
[22]	刘阳, 陈水华. 中国鸟类观察手册[M]. 长沙: 湖南科学技术出版社, 2021.
	[Liu Yang, Chen Shuihua. The CNG field guide to the birds of China[M]. Changsha: Hunan Science & Technology Press, 2021.]
[23]	郑光美. 中国鸟类分类与分布名录[M]. 4版. 北京: 科学出版社, 2023.
	[Zheng Guangmei. A checklist on the classification and distribution of the birds of China[M]. 4^th ed. Beijing: Science Press, 2023.]
[24]	张荣祖. 中国动物地理[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2011.
	[Zhang Rongzu. Zoogeography of China[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2011.]
[25]	国家林业和草原局, 农业农村部. 国家重点保护野生动物名录[EB/OL]. [2021-02-01]. https://www.forestry.gov.cn/main/3457/20210205/122612568723707.html.
	[National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. National list of wildlife under special protection[EB/OL]. [2021-02-01]. https://www.forestry.gov.cn/main/3457/20210205/122612568723707.html.]
[26]	陈廷贵, 张金屯. 十五个物种多样性指数的比较研究[J]. 河南科学, 1999, 17(增刊1): 55-57.
	[Chen Tinggui, Zhang Jintun. A comparison of fifteen species diversity indices[J]. Henan Science, 1999, 17(Suppl. 1): 55-57.]
[27]	Chao A, Chazdon R L, Colwell R K, et al. A new statistical approach for assessing similarity of species composition with incidence and abundance data[J]. Ecology Letters, 2005, 8(2): 148-159.
[28]	Qian H. Large-scale biogeographic patterns of vascular plant richness in North America: An analysis at the generic level[J]. Journal of Biogeography, 1998, 25(5): 829-836.
[29]	苏宇乔, 张毅, 贾小容, 等. 几种多样性指标在森林群落分析中的应用比较[J]. 生态科学, 2017, 36(1): 132-138.
	[Su Yuqiao, Zhang Yi, Jia Xiaorong, et al. Application of several diversity indexes in forest community analysis[J]. Ecological Science, 2017, 36(1): 132-138.]
[30]	江建平, 杜诚, 刘冰, 等. 中国生物物种编目进展与展望[J]. 生物多样性, 2022, 30(10): 106-120.
	[Jiang Jianping, Du Cheng, Liu Bing, et al. Bio-inventory in China: Progress and perspectives[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2022, 30(10): 106-120.]
[31]	李娜, 丁晨晨, 曹丹丹, 等. 中国阿勒泰地区鸟类物种编目、丰富度格局和区系组成[J]. 生物多样性, 2020, 28(4): 401-411. doi: 10.17520/biods.2019023
	[Li Na, Ding Chenchen, Cao Dandan, et al. Avian species census, richness patterns and faunal composition in the Altay Region, China[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2020, 28(4): 401-411.] doi: 10.17520/biods.2019023
[32]	张山清, 普宗朝, 宋良娈, 等. 吐鲁番地区气候变化对参考作物蒸散量的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2009, 30(4): 532-537.
	[Zhang Shanqing, Pu Zongchao, Song Liangluan, et al. Effect of climate change on potential evapotranspiration in Turpan region[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2009, 30(4): 532-537.]
[33]	程芸, 袁磊, 特列吾汗·巴合提, 等. 罗布泊野骆驼自然保护区植物组成及区系特征研究[J]. 干旱环境监测, 2018, 32(3): 113-118.
	[Cheng Yun, Yuan Lei, Baheti Trewuhan, et al. Study on plant composition and floristic characteristics of the Wild Camel Nature Reserve in Lop Wild Camel Nature Reserve[J]. Arid Environmental Monitoring, 2018, 32(3): 113-118.]
[34]	Wang N, Mao L F, Yang X T, et al. High plant species richness and stable climate lead to richer but phylogenetically and functionally clustered avifaunas[J]. Journal of Biogeography, 2020, 47(9): 1945-1954.
[35]	Wei C T, Schweizer M, Tomkovitch P, et al. Genome-wide data reveal paraphyly in the sand plover complex (Charadrius mongolus/leschenaultii)[J]. Ornithology, 2022, 139(2): ukab085, doi: 10.1093/ornithology/ukab085.
[36]	袁智勇, 陈进民, 吴云鹤, 等. 云南省两栖类物种名录修订[J]. 生物多样性, 2022, 30(4): 154-170.
	[Yuan Zhiyong, Chen Jinmin, Wu Yunhe, et al. Revision of the list of amphibian species in Yunnan Province[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2022, 30(4): 154-170.]
[37]	Weeks B C, O'Brien B K, Chu J J, et al. Morphological adaptations linked to flight efficiency and aerial lifestyle determine natal dispersal distance in birds[J]. Functional Ecology, 2022, 36(7): 1681-1689.
[38]	王音明, 刘枫, 马鸣, 等. 新疆鸟类新纪录——白腹鹞(Circus spilonotus)[J]. 干旱区地理, 2015, 38(5): 1085-1086.
	[Wang Yinming, Liu Feng, Ma Ming, et al. Eastern Marsh Harrier Circus spilonotus, a new record of bird from Xinjiang[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2015, 38(5): 1085-1086.]
[39]	Taheri S, García-Callejas D, Araújo M B. Discriminating climate, land-cover and random effects on species range dynamics[J]. Global Change Biology, 2021, 27(6): 1309-1317. doi: 10.1111/gcb.15483 pmid: 33314537
[40]	Naimi B, Capinha C, Ribeiro J, et al. Potential for invasion of traded birds under climate and land-cover change[J]. Global Change Biology, 2022, 28(19): 5654-5666. doi: 10.1111/gcb.16310 pmid: 35849042
[41]	Ferger S W, Schleuning M, Hemp A, et al. Food resources and vegetation structure mediate climatic effects on species richness of birds[J]. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2014, 23(5): 541-549.
[42]	Kroeger S B, Hanslin H M, Lennartsson T, et al. Impacts of roads on bird species richness: A meta-analysis considering road types, habitats and feeding guilds[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 812: 151478, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151478.
[43]	刘亮, 任世昌, 薛挺, 等. 基于Shannon-Wiener指数的艾丁湖流域植被分布及物种多样性研究[J]. 地下水, 2020, 42(4): 120-123.
	[Liu Liang, Ren Shichang, Xue Ting, et al. Vegetation distribution and species diversity in lake aiding basin based on Shannon-Wiener index[J]. Ground Water, 2020, 42(4): 120-123.]
[44]	宗召磊, 周华荣, 冯滌成, 等. 新疆灌木地景观生态分类初探[J]. 干旱区研究, 2015, 32(1): 168-175.
	[Zong Zhaolei, Zhou Huarong, Feng Dicheng, et al. Classification of shrubland landscapes in Xinjiang[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2015, 32(1): 168-175.]
[45]	张齐飞, 陈亚宁, 孙从建, 等. 塔里木河流域水储量变化及绿洲生态安全评估[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(1): 1-14. doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000－6060.2023.247
	[Zhang Qifei, Chen Yaning, Sun Congjian, et al. Changes in terrestrial water storage and evaluation of oasis ecological security in the Tarim River Basin[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(1): 1-14.] doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000－6060.2023.247
[46]	马丽娜, 张飞云, 翟玉鑫, 等. 1980—2020年新疆土地利用变化下生态系统服务价值时空演变分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(2): 253-263. doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000－6060.2022.202
	[Ma Li'na, Zhang Feiyun, Zhai Yuxin, et al. Temporal and spatial evolution of ecosystem service value under land use change in Xinjiang from 1980 to 2020[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(2): 253-263.]
[47]	Pool D B, Panjabi A O, Macias-Duarte A, et al. Rapid expansion of croplands in Chihuahua, Mexico threatens declining North American grassland bird species[J]. Biological Conservation, 2014, 170: 274-281.
[48]	李梦怡, 邓铭江, 凌红波, 等. 新疆绿洲格局变化与生态耗水结构分析[J]. 水科学进展, 2023, 34(5): 719-730.
	[Li Mengyi, Deng Mingjiang, Ling Hongbo, et al. Analysis on the change of oasis pattern and ecological water consumption structure in Xinjiang[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2023, 34(5): 719-730.]
[49]	马鸣, 陈文杰, 李都, 等. 鸟类对新疆农区的危害评估和预防探讨[J]. 动物学杂志, 2022, 57(1): 19-28.
	[Ma Ming, Chen Wenjie, Li Dou, et al. Assessment and prevention of the bird damage in the agricultural areas of Xinjiang, the northwest of China[J]. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 2022, 57(1): 19-28.]
[50]	张尚明玉, 何兴成, 王燕, 等. 都江堰地区繁殖期鸟类多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2022, 30(3): 90-98.
	[Zhang Shangmingyu, He Xing-cheng, Wang Yan, et al. Diversity of birds in breeding season of Dujiangyan[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2022, 30(3): 90-98.]
[51]	邓铭江, 明波, 李研, 等. “双碳”目标下新疆能源系统绿色转型路径[J]. 自然资源学报, 2022, 37(5): 1107-1122. doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220501
	[Deng Mingjiang, Ming Bo, Li Yan, et al. Pathways towards a cleaner energy system for Xinjiang under carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2022, 37(5): 1107-1122.] doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220501
[52]	Cohn J P. How ecofriendly are wind farms?[J]. Bioscience, 2008, 58(7): 576-578.

生境类型	物种数	Shannon-Wiener 指数	Simpson 指数	Pielou均匀度指数
森林	65	3.13	0.92	0.75
草地	76	3.14	0.91	0.72
灌丛	36	1.86	0.71	0.52
农田	61	2.10	0.77	0.51
湿地	148	2.77	0.83	0.55
荒漠	83	3.70	0.96	0.84
居民区	59	2.27	0.79	0.56
全区	223	3.36	0.91	0.62

生境类型	森林	草地	灌丛	农田	湿地	荒漠	居民区
森林		0.34	0.26	0.37	0.22	0.26	0.36
草地	36		0.30	0.30	0.28	0.46	0.35
灌丛	21	26		0.37	0.19	0.28	0.40
农田	34	32	26		0.26	0.32	0.52
湿地	39	49	30	43		0.32	0.24
荒漠	31	50	26	35	56		0.34
居民区	33	35	27	41	40	36

Preliminary study of the diversity of birds in Turpan-Hami Basin

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 5

References 52

Related Articles 5

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	HAN Chuqiao, ZHENG Jianghua, WANG Zhe, YU Wenjie. Spatiotemporal variation and multiscenario simulation of carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems in the Turpan-Hami Basin based on PLUS-InVEST model [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(2): 260-269.
[2]	HAO Yun,WU Miao,WANG Yuyi,DUAN Guangzheng. Biodiversity conservation and cooperation proposals in Uzbekistan [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(3): 428-436.
[3]	WAN Huawei,ZHANG Zhiru,XIA Lin,LIU Yuping,HOU Peng,SUN Chenxi,JIN Yanli. Changes in the number and habitat of vertebrata in northwest China from 1980 to 2015 [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(6): 1740-1749.
[4]	YAN Hu, WANG Yu-jie, ZHANG Hui-lan. Ecological sensitivity of Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang [J]. , 2015, 38(6): 1226-1233.
[5]	XUE Junzeng,BIAN Jiayun,WANG Qiong,CAI Zhen,ZHU Xinying；LI Zhouyong；LI Haifeng；WU Huixian. Ecological features of phytoplankton community of Tangbahu Reservoir in Xinjiang [J]. , 2012, 35(02): 254-259.