新疆阿克苏温宿大峡谷丹霞地貌特征及成因分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000－6060.2023.170

Abstract

Abstract:

The bedrock of the Danxia landscape is predominantly cemented by calcareous and ferruginous cements; thus, it has special landscape elements and formation mechanisms. It has become an important tourism resource with much attention because of its high scientific and ornamental values. However, compared with southeast humid areas, little attention has been paid to the characteristics and causes of the Danxia landscape in the arid climate of Northwest China. The Wensu Grand Canyon in the Aksu Prefecture of Xinjiang was selected and investigated to explore the characteristics and causes of the Danxia landscape by field investigation, sample microscope observations, salt chemistry and element geochemistry experiments, and ArcGIS hypsometry. The results are as follows: (1) The study area is characterized by canyon, peak and peak forest landscapes, well-developed mud flow films along slopes, and cap rock columns. The bedrock comprises red fluvial conglomerates and sandstones of Neogene age. The hard conglomerate beds are favorable for the formation of cap rock columns. (2) The study area is located near the Wensu salt dome with a high salt content, and the main salt minerals are probably chlorides, nitrates and sulfates, as inferred from the salt experiment. Most of the major elements of sandy debris samples within caverns migrated compared with the surface rock, indicating active chemical weathering in the arid climate. (3) The hypsometric integral (HI) shows that the HI value of the southern part of the study area is 0.61, which suggests an early stage. The HI value of the northern part is 0.38, which indicates a late stage. Therefore, the geomorphic evolution and development stages differ in the study area. Although the precipitation in the study area is very low, river erosion is obvious. Tectonism is also considered the main controlling factor of Danxia landscape evolution.

Key words: Danxia landscape, arid climate, salt weathering, Aksu

ZHANG Pu, CHEN Liuqin, SHAO Chongjian, LI Wen, DU Dingding. Features and causes of Danxia landscape in the Wensu Grand Canyon of Aksu, Xinjiang, China[J].Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(4): 576-587.

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样品编号	电导率/μS·cm^-1	样品编号	电导率/μS·cm^-1
AKS-1	6430	AKS-7	117
AKS-2	153	AKS-8	63700
AKS-3	3180	AKS-9	116
AKS-4	302	标准差	20495
AKS-6	4400	平均值	9800

样品编号	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Na₂O	CaO	TFe₂O₃	K₂O	MgO	MnO	P₂O₅	TiO₂	LOI
AKS-1	69.07	13.40	5.32	0.58	2.86	4.65	0.51	0.04	0.05	0.27	3.65
AKS-2	73.32	13.22	3.37	0.85	2.42	4.60	0.34	0.06	0.07	0.34	1.06
AKS-3	70.30	13.22	4.38	1.10	2.44	4.27	0.61	0.06	0.07	0.32	2.79
AKS-4	73.47	13.22	3.75	0.48	2.28	4.88	0.32	0.03	0.05	0.21	0.86
AKS-6	72.10	8.63	2.71	2.80	2.73	2.18	1.78	0.07	0.13	0.43	5.85
AKS-7	74.93	8.92	1.80	2.51	2.93	2.16	1.73	0.05	0.17	0.49	4.39
AKS-8	43.67	5.47	>10.00	7.99	1.57	1.50	1.02	0.03	0.05	0.20	27.02
AKS-9	56.08	7.40	1.35	14.55	3.03	1.94	1.54	0.06	0.08	0.34	13.59

Features and causes of Danxia landscape in the Wensu Grand Canyon of Aksu, Xinjiang, China

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