雅鲁藏布江山南宽谷流域生态安全格局构建

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.551

Abstract

Abstract:

Shannan Wide Valley Basin is one of the prime valleys of the Yarlung Zangbo River of China. The geographical environment of the basin makes it vulnerable to land desertification and ecological degradation, while also making it an important belt of economic development along the river. Ecological security patterns can provide a reference for future improvements in ecological functions and economic development. Based on the evaluation of ecosystem services and ecological sensitivity, the ecological source areas were identified. The minimum cumulative resistance value was used to determine ecological security zones and ecological corridors, and the ecological security pattern of the Shannan Wide Valley Basin was constructed for 2020. The results showed that: (1) The ecological source area of the basin was found to be 1089.68 km², with distribution mainly occurring in grassland and forest areas of Gonggar County, Zhanang County, and Nedong District. (2) Zones of maximum, high, medium, low, and minimum ecological security were established, accounting for 24.74%, 51.24%, 10.31%, 5.43%, and 8.28% of the total basin area, respectively. To ensure ecological security, different measures should be applied at each level of the ecological security zone. (3) The constructed ecological security pattern comprised 105 ecological corridors with a total length of 4720.08 km, together with various ecological source areas, ecological source points, and ecological security areas. (4) In addition to the current land use situation in Shannan Wide Valley, moderate industrial development should take place on the southern banks of the river, while ecological protection measures should be the focus for the northern banks. Further, the “one land, one field, two districts, and four parks” development pattern should be followed.

Key words: ecological security pattern, Shannan Wide Valley Basin, minimum cumulative resistance model, ecosystem service function, ecological sensitivity

LI Hongqing,YANG Yu,ZHANG Junhong. Construction of ecological security pattern in Shannan Wide Valley Basin of Yarlung Zangbo River[J].Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(9): 1503-1513.

Figures/Tables 10

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生态系统服务类型	耕地	林地	草地	水域	未利用地
气体调节	4917.36	35951.08	12657.14	0.00	0.00
气候调节	8752.90	27733.69	14239.29	4523.97	0.00
水源涵养	5900.83	32869.55	12657.14	200431.65	295.04
土壤形成与保护	14358.70	40059.77	30851.79	98.35	196.69
废物处理	16128.95	13455.97	20726.07	178795.26	98.35
生物多样性保护	6982.65	33485.86	17245.36	24488.46	3343.81
食物生产	9834.72	1027.17	4746.43	983.47	98.35
原材料	983.47	26706.51	791.07	98.35	0.00
娱乐文化	98.35	13147.82	632.86	42682.70	98.35
总价值	67957.93	224437.43	114547.15	452102.21	4130.58

准则层	因子	权重	不敏感	轻度敏感	中度敏感	高度敏感	极度敏感
自然环境背景	高程/km	0.06	≤4.0	4.0~4.5	4.5~5.0	5.0~5.5	>5.5
	坡度/(°)	0.18	≤10	10~20	20~30	30~50	>50
	土地沙化类型	0.14	-	-	流动沙地	半固定沙地	固定沙地
	植被覆盖度/%	0.19	≤35	35~65	65~76	76~89	>89
人类活动干扰	土地利用类型	0.17	建设用地	未利用地	耕地、草地	林地	水域
	距水域距离/km	0.15	≥20	15~20	10~15	5~10	≤5
	距道路距离/km	0.11	≤7	7~16	16~27	27~40	>40

阻力面因子	权重	分类	阻力值
土地利用类型	0.61	林地、草地	10
		水域	30
		耕地	50
		建设用地	70
		未利用地	90
植被覆盖度	0.22	[0.00, 0.35)	90
		[0.35, 0.65)	70
		[0.65, 0.76)	50
		[0.76, 0.89)	30
		[0.89, 1.00]	10
坡度/(°)	0.17	[0, 10)	10
		[10, 20)	30
		[20, 30)	50
		[30, 50)	70
		[50, 75]	90

Construction of ecological security pattern in Shannan Wide Valley Basin of Yarlung Zangbo River

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