干旱区生态移民空间迁移特征与生态影响——以甘肃省古浪县为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.263

Abstract

Abstract:

Ecological migration is one of the effective ways for rural revitalization and regional ecological protection and restoration in western China. Exploring the spatial characteristics and ecological impacts of ecological migrants can contribute to regional poverty reduction and ecological civilization construction. Herein, we select Gulang County in Gansu Province, which has sensitive ecological characteristics in arid areas, special resettlement sites, and many migrants. From the spatial perspective at the county level, we innovatively use indicators, such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and vegetation restoration degree (VRD) intrinsically relevant to ecological migration. Combining the statistical yearbook, land use data, ecological migration information, and MODIS remote sensing data obtained from field research. The spatiotemporal characteristics and ecological impacts of ecological migration and vegetation restoration policies in Gulang County from 2010 to 2018 were systematically analyzed by calculating the land use transfer matrix, NDVI, and VRD. This study aims at providing a reference for the scientific formulation of ecological migration policies for relevant agencies in arid areas. The results of this study are as follows. (1) The ecological migrants from 2010 to 2018 are spatially characterized by the tendency of high to low terrain, steep to gentle slope, traffic-oriented, and spatial aggregation, with a total of 6.24×10⁴ migrants, accounting for 20.20% of the county’s resident population. (2) From 2010 to 2018, the NDVI of the study area continuously increased in the southern migrant areas and decreased and then increased in the northern migrant areas. The minimum NDVI value in the overall migration area increased from 0.10 to 0.15, and the maximum NDVI value increased from 0.52 to 0.72. The minimum NDVI value in the resettlement area decreased from 0.10 to 0.09, and the maximum NDVI value increased from 0.66 to 0.72. (3) The mean NDVI and VRD in the study area show a continuous and rapid increasing trend, indicating that the ecological migrants significantly affect ecological protection. The most obvious protection effect was observed in the southern part of the study area, with the NDVI mean value increasing from 0.19 to 0.42 and the VRD mean value increasing from 0.26 to 0.75. Ecological migration in arid areas is an effective approach to improve the regional ecological environment. However, it reduces the pressure of population overload in mountainous areas. Additionally, it combines resettlement with low-quality land resources, such as wastelands and deserts, to effectively reduce the damage to the ecological environment caused by human activities. Therefore, how to better use the ecological migration to improve the ecological environment in sensitive and fragile areas and achieve rural revitalization and promote sustainable development in rural areas is also a key issue in the contemporary world seeking a balance between ecological protection and rural revitalization.

Key words: ecological migration, population migration, rural revitalization, ecological restoration, arid area

ZHANG Wei,ZHOU Liang,SUN Dongqi,HU Fengning. Spatial migration characteristics and ecological impacts of ecological migrants in arid regions: A case of Gulang County, Gansu Province[J].Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(2): 618-627.

Figures/Tables 9

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References 35

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区域	年份	项目	耕地	林地	草地	水域	建设用地	未利用地
整体移民区	2010	面积/km²	342.08	2.45	495.75	2.88	6.68	16.32
	2015	面积/km²	342.27	2.44	495.64	3.15	6.68	15.97
	2018	面积/km²	341.57	0.68	497.80	2.87	6.86	16.39
	2010—2015	动态度/%	0.01	0.05	0.01	1.87	0.00	0.42
	2015—2018	动态度/%	0.07	24.10	0.15	2.98	0.89	0.86
核心移民区	2010	面积/km²	453.37	54.07	395.39	1.82	7.51	0.09
	2015	面积/km²	453.25	54.04	395.19	1.91	7.80	4.99
	2018	面积/km²	462.64	54.99	385.58	1.80	7.59	4.59
	2010—2015	动态度/%	0.01	0.01	0.01	-0.92	0.78	1050.30
	2015—2018	动态度/%	0.69	0.58	0.81	1.86	0.92	2.67
移民安置区	2010	面积/km²	38.18	1.33	216.80	0.28	0.32	119.90
	2015	面积/km²	39.01	1.33	209.56	0.28	4.92	121.70
	2018	面积/km²	117.13	1.23	133.06	1.00	7.47	116.92
	2010—2015	动态度/%	0.44	0.00	0.67	0.00	289.63	0.30
	2015—2018	动态度/%	66.74	23.15	12.17	84.08	17.28	1.31

土地利用类型	耕地		林地		草地		水域		建设用地		未利用地
土地利用类型	2010—2015年	2015—2018年	2010—2015年	2015—2018年	2010—2015年	2015— 2018年	2010—2015年	2015—2018年	2010—2015年	2015—2018年	2010—2015年	2015—2018年
耕地	1688.86	1428.13	0.48	10.11	11.29	222.04	0.30	5.42	1.32	17.17	0.74	24.10
林地	0.51	10.97	96.89	73.58	0.56	11.56	0.00	0.08	0.19	0.57	0.02	1.20
草地	15.47	326.61	0.61	12.34	2279.92	1843.16	0.08	2.57	4.54	5.34	8.01	106.14
水域	0.20	5.28	0.00	0.00	0.11	1.83	14.52	6.93	0.00	0.22	0.03	0.96
建设用地	0.52	20.88	0.01	0.26	0.06	3.26	0.01	0.18	43.98	26.07	0.01	0.98
未利用地	1.87	67.55	0.02	0.47	4.91	98.17	0.31	0.60	1.60	7.32	866.52	700.73

区域	NDVI值
区域	2010年	2015年	2018年
整体移民区	0.10~0.52	0.11~0.57	0.15~0.72
核心移民区	0.01~0.76	0.12~0.83	0.15~0.84
移民安置区	0.10~0.66	0.09~0.71	0.10~0.72

区域	NDVI平均值			VRD
区域	2010年	2015年	2018年	2010—2015年	2015—2018年
整体移民区	0.19	0.24	0.42	0.26	0.75
核心移民区	0.31	0.35	0.52	0.13	0.49
移民安置区	0.16	0.20	0.28	0.25	0.40

Spatial migration characteristics and ecological impacts of ecological migrants in arid regions: A case of Gulang County, Gansu Province

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