基于无人机激光雷达的青海共和盆地藏锦鸡儿（Caragana tibetica）灌丛沙堆形态测算

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.565

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the applicabilities of various estimation formulas for the morphological parameters of reported nebkhas and justify their selections, the morphological parameters, such as the bottom area and volume, of 300 Caragana tibetica nebkhas on the west of Longyangxia Reservoir (Gonghe Basin, Qinghai Province, China) were measured using the laser radar technology of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The results are summarized in four points. (1) UAV laser radars can accurately determine the morphologies of C. tibetica nebkhas, obtaining average relative errors of 0.70%, 1.13%, and -1.67% for the length axis (L), width axis (W), and height (H), respectively, with corresponding root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of 0.02 m, 0.03 m, and 0.03 m, respectively. Additionally, the RMSEs of the plane and three-dimensional (3D) accuracy of the 3D model were 0.03 m and 0.04 m, respectively, satisfying accuracy requirements. (2) The L, W, and H of the C. tibetica nebkhas remained largely unchanged, and their variation coefficients were between 0.26 and 0.33. Additionally, these parameters exhibited a significant correlation (P<0.01), indicating that the morphologies of the nebkhas were determined by coordinated L, W, and H increases. Additionally, the crust, dead shrubs, and wind erosion pits on the surface of the nebkhas indicate that the nebkhas had evolved from the mature stage to the decline stage. (3) The following formulas were used to determine the bottom area of the C. tibetica nebkhas: π[(L+W)/4]², πLW/4, and LW/2, obtaining total relative errors of -0.79%, -1.26%, and -37.14%, respectively. Among them, π[(L+W)/4]² and πLW/4 were considered suitable for the study area. Further, the following formulas were used to determine their volume: 3πLWH/32, πLWH/12, LWH/6, πH{[3(L+W)/4]²+H²}/6, and πLWH/6, with total relative errors of -6.15%, -16.58%, -46.89%, 59.14%, and 66.83%, respectively. The modified formula, πLWH/10, yielded a total relative error of 0.10%, as well as a low dispersion degree, making it the most suitable formula for the study area. In summary, the estimation of the bottom areas and volumes of nebkhas requires the careful consideration of the influence of the vegetation type, development stage, habitat, or sand-source richness, as this would ensure the selection of appropriate estimation methods based on local conditions.

Key words: nebkhas, drone laser point cloud, geometric formula, total relative error

SHANG Yili, LI Yue, XIAO Fengjun, NAN Weige, ZHANG Zhi, WANG Lijie. Morphological calculation of Caragana tibetica nebkhas based on UAV laser radar technology in Gonghe Basin, Qinghai Province[J].Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(9): 1600-1611.

Figures/Tables 9

Tab. 1

Summary of the geometric formulas of nebkhas"

公式类型	研究者	公式	地区	沙堆植被类型
底面积	杨帆等^[9]、闫宇等^[10]、左合君等^[11]、谢国勋等^[12]、张萍等^[13]、Zhang 等^[16]、魏亚娟等^[27]	πLW/4	毛乌素沙地南缘、乌兰布和沙漠西北部、亚马雷克沙漠北部、巴丹吉林沙漠东缘、乌兰察布市东部化德县、内蒙古锡林郭勒盟中西部、正镶白旗、太仆寺旗、策勒绿洲-沙漠过渡带、赤峰市西部	红砂（Reaumuria songarica）、白刺（Nitraria tangutorum）、小叶锦鸡儿（Caragana microphylla）、柽柳（Tamarix chinensis）、锦鸡儿属（Caragana）、油蒿（Artemisia ordosica）
	左合君等^[11]、陈东等^[14]、韩敏^[20]、李向洁^[21]、毛东雷^[22]、支莹等^[23]	LW/2	乌兰布和沙漠西北部、亚马雷克沙漠北部、巴丹吉林沙漠东缘、内蒙古锡林郭勒盟中西部和赤峰市西部、宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地、厚田沙地	白刺、锦鸡儿属、藏锦鸡儿（Caragana tibetica）、油蒿、蔓荆（Vitex trifolia）
	彭飞等^[24]、孙涛等^[25]、张萍等^[26]	π[(L+W)/4]²	临泽县、民勤县荒漠绿洲	白刺
体积	闫宇等^[10]、左合君等^[11]、谢国勋等^[12]、陈东等^[14]、Zhang等^[16]、支莹等^[23]	πLWH/6	毛乌素沙地南缘、乌兰布和沙漠西北部、亚马雷克沙漠北部、巴丹吉林沙漠东缘、内蒙古锡林郭勒盟中西部和赤峰市西部、盐池毛乌素沙地	红砂、白刺、锦鸡儿属、油蒿
	左合君等^[11]、陈东等^[14]、韩敏等^[20]、毛东雷等^[22]、支莹等^[23]	LWH/6	乌兰布和沙漠西北部、亚马雷克沙漠北部、巴丹吉林沙漠东缘、内蒙古锡林郭勒盟中西部和赤峰市西部、宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地	白刺、锦鸡儿属、藏锦鸡儿、油蒿
	左合君等^[11]、董雪等^[17]	πLWH/12	乌兰布和沙漠西北部、亚马雷克沙漠北部、巴丹吉林沙漠东缘、浑善达克沙地西缘	白刺、小叶锦鸡儿、狭叶锦鸡儿（Caragana stenophylla）
	张萍等^[26]	3πLWH/32	乌兰察布市东部化德县、锡林郭勒盟南部正镶白旗、太仆寺旗	小叶锦鸡儿
	张梅^[15]、郭向东^[18]、哈斯额尔敦等^[19]	πH{[3(L+W)/ 4]²+H²}/6	毛乌素沙地北缘、乌拉特中旗和后旗北部	藏锦鸡儿、白刺

Tab. 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Tab. 4

Fig. 5

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灌丛沙堆	长轴			短轴			高度
灌丛沙堆	实测/m	提取/m	相对误差/%	实测/m	提取/m	相对误差/%	实测/m	提取/m	相对误差/%
1	2.83	2.81	0.71	1.76	1.74	1.14	0.51	0.46	9.80
2	2.46	2.44	0.81	1.59	1.60	-0.63	0.38	0.43	-7.89
3	2.05	2.02	1.46	1.22	1.17	4.10	0.33	0.33	0.00
4	3.61	3.62	-0.28	1.90	1.88	1.05	0.44	0.46	-4.55
5	2.46	2.44	0.81	1.31	1.31	0.00	0.35	0.37	-5.71

特征参数	长轴	短轴	高度	水平尺度	底面积	侧影面积	体积
长轴	1.000	-	-	-	-	-	-
短轴	0.814^**	1.000	-	-	-	-	-
高度	0.576^**	0.518^**	1.000	-	-	-	-
水平尺度	1.000^**	0.814^**	0.576^**	1.000	-	-	-
底面积	0.950^**	0.935^**	0.569^**	0.950^**	1.000	-	-
侧影面积	0.771^**	0.818^**	0.901^**	0.771^**	0.824^**	1.000	-
体积	0.840^**	0.800^**	0.818^**	0.840^**	0.867^**	0.934^**	1.000

Morphological calculation of Caragana tibetica nebkhas based on UAV laser radar technology in Gonghe Basin, Qinghai Province

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几何公式类型	几何公式	总相对误差/%	均方差
底面积公式	πLW/4	-1.26	0.0772 m²
	LW/2	-37.14	0.5263 m²
	π[(L+W)/4]²	-0.79	0.0762 m²
体积公式	πLWH/6	66.83	0.2908 m³
	LWH/6	-46.89	0.1781 m³
	πLWH/12	-16.58	0.0800 m³
	3πLWH/32	-6.15	0.0656 m³
	πH{[3(L+W)/4]²+H²}/6	59.14	0.2745 m³
	πLWH/10	0.10	0.0684 m³

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