塔里木河下游柽柳灌丛土壤真菌群落结构及多样性分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.03.18

Abstract

Abstract:

The soil fungal community plays an important role in maintaining soil ecosystem functions in arid areas. In this study, we collected soil samples (i.e., within the canopy, at the edge of the canopy, and at the edges of shrubs) from nebkhas and non-nebkhas Tamarix shrub communities at the Yingsu section of the lower reaches of Tarim River, Xinjiang, China. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to explore the composition and structure of the soil fungal community in these samples; the distribution of soil fungal communities in nebkhas and non-nebkhas Tamarix shrubs, as well as the comprehensive effects of nebkhas and soil factors on soil fungal communities and functions, was also determined. The following results were obtained. (1) Soil pH, available K, total K, ammonium N, and available P significantly differed according to the location of the Tamarix shrubs, but no significant differences in soil moisture, electrical conductivity, total salt, organic matter, total N, total P, and nitrate N in whole shrubs were noted. (2) The soil fungal community structure of nebkhas and non-nebkhas Tamarix shrubs showed some similarities. The soil fungi of Tamarix shrubs could be divided into 1 kingdom, 14 phyla, 48 classes, 110 orders, 227 families, 410 genera, and 557 species. Species from the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota and the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Stolonocarpus, Colletotrichum, Unidentified_saccharomycetales_sp, and Gymnoascus clearly dominated the fungal communities observed. (3) db-RDA showed that total N, available K, and ammonium N are the main environmental factors affecting the structure of the soil fungal communities. Spearman correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between total P and Aspergillus, Microthelia, Gymnoascus, and Phialosimplex and between total N and Alternaria. (4) Function prediction using FUNGuild revealed three types of saprotrophic, symbiotrophic, and pathotrophic functional bacteria and five types of cross-trophic functional fungi in the Tamarix shrubs. Saprotrophic functional fungi dominated (30.0%) other types of fungi in these shrubs. (5) Although the enrichment effect of the nebkhas and canopy of Tamarix shrubs had no obvious effects on soil nutrients and microorganisms, significant differences in the functions of the fungi were observed. The comprehensive effect of the nebkhas and canopy of Tamarix shrubs also indicated a great impact on the functional composition of soil fungi.

Key words: high throughput sequencing, functional gene prediction, nebkhas, soil fungal community, Tamarix chinensis

XIAO Fangnan,JIANG Meng,LI Yuanyuan,DANG Hanli,PENG Mengwen,ZHUANG Li. Community structure and diversity of soil fungi in Tamarix chinensis shrubs in the lower reaches of Tarim River[J].Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(3): 759-768.

Figures/Tables 10

Tab. 1

Methods and instruments for the determination of soil physical and chemical properties"

土壤理化性质	测定方法及仪器
硝态氮（ $N O 3 -$ ）	0.01M氯化钙浸提,BRAN+LUEBBE AA3流动分析仪测定
铵态氮（ $N O 4 +$ ）	0.01M氯化钙浸提,BRAN+LUEBBE AA3流动分析仪测定
速效磷（AP）	碳酸氢钠浸提-钼锑抗比色法,安捷伦CARY60紫外分光光度计测定
速效钾（AK）	乙酸铵浸提-原子吸收法,赛默飞S系列原子吸收光谱仪测定
pH	梅特勒-托利多FiveEasy Plus pH计测定
总盐（TDS）	干渣法测定
有机质（OM）	重铬酸钾容量-外加热法测定
全氮（TN）	高氯酸-硫酸消化法,福斯1035全自动定氮仪测定
全磷（TP）	酸溶-钼锑抗比色法,安捷伦CARY60紫外分光光度计测定
全钾（TK）	酸溶-原子吸收法,赛默飞S系列原子吸收光谱仪测定
电导率（EC）	HANNA HI 2315电导率仪测定
土壤含水量（SWC）	烘干称重法测定

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Analysis of soil physical and chemical properties of Tamarix chinensis shrubs"

土壤理化性质	沙包灌丛				非沙包灌丛
土壤理化性质	冠幅内部（Xa）	冠幅边缘（Xb）	灌丛边缘（Xc）	平均值	冠幅内部（Fa）	冠幅边缘（Fb）	灌丛边缘（Fc）	平均值
有机质（OM）/g·kg^-1	9.70±1.84a	6.06±0.58a	5.22±1.68a	6.99±1.01A	7.63±0.54a	7.01±0.31a	8.76±0.28a	7.80±0.32A
全氮（TN）/g·kg^-1	0.55±0.06a	0.41±0.03a	0.38±0.09a	0.45±0.04A	0.50±0.09a	0.41±0.04a	0.46±0.05a	0.47±0.03A
全磷（TP）/g·kg^-1	0.57±0.02a	0.53±0.02a	0.49±0.02a	0.53±0.01A	0.56±0.01a	0.54±0.01a	0.55±0.01a	0.55±0.01A
全钾（TK）/g·kg^-1	18.35±0.59a	18.56±0.75a	18.48±0.13a	18.47±0.28A	17.18±0.08b	18.03±0.07a	17.92±0.21a	17.71±0.14B
硝态氮（ $N O 3 -$ ）/mg·kg^-1	6.78±3.72a	4.77±1.76a	4.63±1.72a	5.39±1.33A	7.05±2.90a	4.91±1.43a	5.08±0.24a	5.68±0.99A
铵态氮（ $N O 4 +$ ）/mg·kg^-1	4.12±0.69a	3.25±0.35a	3.44±0.34a	3.61±0.27B	4.11±0.21b	3.57±0.51b	12.15±0.28a	6.61±1.39A
速效磷（ $N O 4 +$ ）/mg·kg^-1	3.95±0.73a	1.72±0.44b	1.36±0.61b	2.34±0.50A	4.08±0.60a	1.78±0.29b	3.68±0.71ab	3.18±0.45A
速效钾（AK）/mg·kg^-1	679.17±133.61a	316.74±46.72b	186.08±41.54b	394.00±85.15A	406.87±101.73a	387.01±93.98a	217.97±10.31a	337.29±50.05A
pH值	7.94±0.07a	7.71±0.06a	8.01±0.25a	7.88±0.08A	7.72±0.04a	7.53±0.07a	7.52±0.02a	7.59±0.04B
电导率（EC）/mS·cm^-1	7.37±0.33a	4.48±0.44a	4.06±1.18a	5.31±0.64A	5.71±0.34a	5.96±1.32a	5.64±0.34a	5.77±0.41A
总盐（TDS）/g·kg^-1	26.76±2.03a	15.75±1.07a	14.21±4.82a	18.91±2.50A	20.81±0.73a	20.13±5.20a	18.17±1.21a	19.71±1.60A
含水量（SWC）/%	0.56a±0.06a	1.62±0.53a	2.84±1.33a	1.67±0.53A	1.44±0.27a	1.81±0.09a	1.05±0.01a	1.43±0.13A

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

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指数	沙包灌丛				非沙包灌丛
指数	冠幅内部（Xa）	冠幅边缘（Xb）	灌丛边缘（Xc）	平均值	冠幅内部（Fa）	冠幅边缘（Fb）	灌丛边缘（Fc）	平均值
香农-威纳指数	4.01±0.33a	3.81±0.18a	4.49±0.08a	4.09±0.15A	4.11±0.24a	3.98±0.86a	4.36±1.06a	4.14±0.41A
辛普森指数	0.82±0.04a	0.85±0.01a	0.91±0.02a	0.86±0.02A	0.85±0.02a	0.78±0.14a	0.81±0.13a	0.81±0.05A
Chao1指数	338.51±5.87a	204.53±48.55a	229.23±48.93a	257.42±28.67A	321.32±31.95a	334.94±40.56a	346.91±89.51a	334.39±30.05A
ACE指数	339.41±3.07a	207.28±48.43a	234.16±50.64a	260.28±28.57A	322.39±30.63a	336.51±39.37a	352.31±87.72a	337.07±29.44A
覆盖度	0.999	0.999	0.999	0.999	0.999	0.999	0.999	0.999

Community structure and diversity of soil fungi in Tamarix chinensis shrubs in the lower reaches of Tarim River

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