Abstract: Main ions and hydrogen，oxygen isotopes were measured in lake water，river water and rain water collected in Kazakhstan from July 2012，in order to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and further explore the environmental significance. The results showed that the ions of water reflect the environment characteristics of different area of Kazakhstan. Ca2+ and [HCO-3] are the dominant ions of river water，while few water samples are [HCO-3] and Na+ ions types impacted by the evaporation. The quality types of lakes in Kazakhstan are mainly SO4-Na and SO4-Ca ions types，impacted by long time evaporation.  The arid climate condition induces that most lakes become slight saline lakes. The ion concentrations of Ca2+，Na+，[SO2-4] in the central area are much higher than that in the north and south areas. The hydrogen，oxygen isotopes of river water in Kazakhstan rang from -123.46‰to -71.22‰ and -16.09‰ to -10.21‰ respectively. The equivalent values of lake water are from -97.82‰ to -9.20‰ and  -12.74‰ to 2.44‰. The values of hydrogen，oxygen isotopes in the Ertix River are significantly different from that of adjacent rivers，indicating that the water source of Ertix River is mainly from the upper reach. The relationship between hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of river water and lake water are δD=7.546×δ18O+3.507 and δD=5.737×δ18O-24.14. Moreover，the values of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes are decreased from the south to the north. These suggest that river water is mainly supplied by glaciers and precipitation and the hydrogen，oxygen isotopes of lake water mainly reflected the degree of water evaporation. The results indicate that hydrogen，oxygen isotopes are good tracers for the water source and hydrological cycle in Kazakhstan.

Key words: Kazakhstan, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, hydrochemical characteristics