Abstract: In order to rescue strategic "green corridor" in the lower reaches of Tarim River, water transportation engineering has been bring into effect from May 14 th, 2000, water has been transported from Bosten Lake to Daxihaizi reservoir, then transported to the lower reaches of Tarim River. Untile these days, water transportation tasks have been completed for four times, water was arrived at Tatema lake, the terminal lake of lower reaches in Tarim River, on Nov. 2, 2001 and Oct. 4, 2002. Combined with the ecological water transportation, nine monitoring section of groundwater were distributed along the Qiwenkur River from Daxihaizi reservoir to Tatema lake in the lower reaches of Tarim River, sections are respectively Akdun, Yahapumahan, Yingsu, Abudale, Kardayi, Tugmailai, Alagan, Yiganbujima and Kaogan. Such monitoring contents as groundwater, Groundwater quality, soil, vegetation, cellularity of plant and animalcule were carried out before and after ecological water transportation at these sections. With three-year monitoring in lower reaches of Tarim River, abundant data were accumulated. Based on the change of shallow groundwater level, waterborne salt and ecological restoration process of vegetation after conducting ecological water transportation, physiological, ecological response of vegetation to the change of groundwater and physical and chemical character of soil and its change process were researched after comducting ecological water transportation under the condition of extreme drought. Ecological requiring water quantity and optimal ecological groundwater level maintaining ecological safety were confirmed in the lower reaches of Tarim River. According to monitoring data during recent three years, this paper analyses that the surface water transportation effect on vegetation and the change range of groundwater, geology and physiognomy process, analyses the causes of entironment regression from the angle of the change of groundwater level, water qualities, biodiversity before and after water transportation.

Key words: the lower reaches of Tarim River, water transportation, green corridor, ecological restoration